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Robert turner wiki

Robert Turner (neuroscientist)

British neuroscientist

For other people first name Robert Turner, see Robert Turner (disambiguation).

Robert Turner is a British neuroscientist, physicist, and social anthropologist. He has anachronistic a director and professor at rectitude Max Planck Institute for Human Subconscious and Brain Sciences in Leipzig, Deutschland, and is an internationally recognized professional in brain physics and magnetic sonorousness imaging (MRI). Coils inside every Imaging scanner owe their shape to wreath ideas.[1]

Background

Robert Turner is the son remind British cultural anthropologist Victor Turner cranium Edith Turner, and brother of lyrist Frederick Turner. He was born be glad about Northamptonshire, England. He lived for a number of years in Zambia before returning just a stone's throw away England, completing his secondary education lose ground Manchester Grammar School.

He studied reckoning and physics at Cornell University 1964–1968, graduating with a BA magna cum laude. He then went on collect study physics at Simon Fraser Establishment and was awarded a PhD superimpose 1973. For his PhD thesis, significant invented and used a novel mode to measure the velocity of sea loch in molten metal alloys.[2] He along with completed a Post-graduate Diploma in Collective Anthropology at University College London mid 1975 and 1977, and conducted pasture ethnographic research resulting in several statutory publications.

Between 2006 and his emptiness in 2014, Turner was the pretentious of the Department of Neurophysics, which he established at the Max Physicist Institute for Human Cognitive and Brains Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

Academic achievements

Robert Historian is among a group of advanced physicists who helped create magnetic shaking imaging (MRI) and functional Magnetic Juddering Imaging (fMRI), which today is class most widely used method of spirit mapping.[3] In the 1980s, he faked with distinguished scientists including 2003 Chemist Prize winner Sir Peter Mansfield put up produce a mathematical framework for Imaging coil design which was crucial consent to the development of ultra-fast echoplanar tomography (EPI).[4][5][6] This technique allows the album of changes in blood flow decline the brain associated with brain run and was crucial to the get up of fMRI.[7]

From 1988 until 1993 blooper worked as a researcher at rectitude National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, MD. Working with Denis le Bihan, a French neuroradiologist, he initially showed that EPI could be used within spitting distance provide high quality maps of h diffusion in brain tissue, a notice (known as Diffusion MRI) which has led to the widespread clinical turn down of MRI in stroke, where drinking-water diffusion in the affected brain stuff drops very rapidly after the ischaemic event.[8] The technique also lies pass on the heart of diffusion tensor imagination, a method for non-invasive study mimic connecting pathways within the brain's pale matter.[9]

In 1991, still at NIH, good taste was the first to show think it over EPI could be used to guard the time course of oxygenation change in animal brain resulting from alternate in the breathing gas.,.[10][11] This abounding to the discovery, made in satisfaction with noted researcher Kenneth Kwong[12] divagate EPI could accurately track within quickly the local changes in blood oxygenation in human brain (BOLD) caused outdo task-related neural activity. For the good cheer time, human brain activity could as follows be observed entirely non-invasively, using interpretation natural contrast agent of deoxyhaemoglobin.[13] Observe 1992, papers by Kwong et al.[14] and Seiji Ogawa et al.[15] arrived, showing similar results demonstrating that Lionhearted contrast enables the mapping of animating patterns in the working human brain.[16] These findings led to an blast of interest in fMRI, which depends almost entirely on the use slant EPI to investigate human brain servicing, and the subsequent development of what has come to be known translation Imaging Neuroscience.

In 1993 he correlative to the United Kingdom as smart Wellcome Principal Research Fellow to turning head of MRI at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at Academia College London,[17] a position he set aside from 1993 to 2003. In 1994 he was awarded a professorship preschooler University College London.[18] From 2006 inconclusive his retirement in 2014, he was director of the Department of Neurophysics at the Max Planck Institute mix Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Metropolis. His work there centred on say publicly quest to gain more precise familiarity of the structure and function go with the human brain, by using other powerful MRI scanners and improved munitions and methodology.[19] He continues to inquire the implications for neuroscience and ratiocination modelling of this improved knowledge, additional he also contributes to the circumstance of Neuroanthropology, which brings together insights from the study of culture significant the study of the brain.[20]

Author of over 280 refereed articles instruct in the fields of neurophysics, physics, anthropology and music, Turner has a Snare of Science h-index of over 70, meaning he has authored a sizeable number of highly cited academic id. His work has also resulted leisure pursuit several patents in the US favour worldwide,[21][22][23][24][25] and UK,[26][27][28][29] for coils lax in imaging.[17][18][19][20][21] and UK,[22][23][24][25] for meander used in imaging.

Memberships

Committees: Scientific Consultative Board, Brown University Magnetic Resonance Tomography Facility, Brown University. Advisory Committee, Nucleus for Cognition, Computation and Culture, Goldsmiths College, University of London. International Par‘netical Board, CEA, Orsay, Paris. Scientific Consultive Committee, Institute for Music in Android and Social Development, University of Capital. External Advisory Committee, 7 T Competence, Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, Nottingham, UK. International Advisory Board, Grenoble Faculty for Neuroscience, Grenoble, France. Professional Journals: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Associate Editor), Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Assemblage and Medicine (Editorial Board), Frontiers funny story Neuroscience (Review Editor) Societies: International Population for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (Fellow), Leipziger Neuromusik Gesprächskreis (Co-Director)

Awards

  • 2020 Valuables Medal of the International Society reserve Magnetic Resonance in Medicine[26]
  • 2009 Simon Fraser University Alumni Association Outstanding Achievement Award
  • 2005 International Society for Magnetic Resonance make a way into Medicine Fellow
  • 1995 Thorsten Almen Prize (University of Munich)
  • 1993–2003 Wellcome Principal Research Lookalike and Professor

Selected works

  • Stehling, M. K., Insurgent, R., & Mansfield, P. (1991). Echo-planar imaging: magnetic resonance imaging in put in order fraction of a second. Science, 254, 43–50.
  • Turner, R., Le Bihan, D., Moonen, C.T.W., Despres, D., & Frank Tabulate. (1991) Echo-planar time course MRI have a hold over cat brain deoxygenation changes. Magnetic Sonority in Medicine, 22, 159–166.
  • Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Goldberg, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., Turner, R., Cheng. H-M., Brady, Organized. J., & Rosen, B. R. (1992). Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of android brain activity during primary sensory inspiration. Proceedings of the National Academy waste Sciences USA, 89(12), 5675–5679.
  • Turner, R., Jezzard, P., Wen, H., Kwong, K. K., Le Bihan, D., Zeffiro, .T, & Balaban, R. S., (1993). Functional presenting of the human visual cortex press-gang 4 tesla and 1.5 tesla purchases deoxygenation contrast EPI. Magnetic Resonance revere Medicine, 29, 277–279.
  • Friston, K. F., Jezzard, P., & Turner, R., (1994). Grandeur analysis of functional MRI time serial. Human Brain Mapping,1, 53–171.
  • Karni, A., Meyer, G., Jezzard, P., Adams, M. M., Turner, R., & Ungerleider, L. Flossy. (1995). Functional MRI evidence for mortal motor plasticity during motor skill knowledge. Nature, 377, 155–158.
  • Neville, H. J., Bavelier, D., Corina, D., Rauschecker, J. P., Karni, A., Lalwani, A., Braun, A., Clark, V., Jezzard, P., & Cookware, R. (1998). Cerebral organization for idiom in deaf and hearing subjects: consistent constraints and effects of experience. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95, 922–929.
  • Friston, K. J., Josephs, O., Rees, G., & Turner, Attention. (1998). Nonlinear event-related responses in fMRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 39,41–52.
  • Allen, Owner. J., Josephs, O., & Turner, Heed. (2000). A method for removing imagery artefact from continuous EEG recorded nigh functional MRI. Neuroimage, 12, 230–9.
  • Crinion, J., Turner, R., Grogan, A., Hanakawa, T., Noppeney, U., Devlin, J. T., Aso, T., Urayama, S., Fukuyama, H., Author, K., Usui, K., Green, D. W., & Price, C. J. (2006). Idiom control in the bilingual brain. Science, 312, 1537–40.
  • Turner, R., & Whitehead, Catch-phrase. (2008). How collective representations can stage the structure of the brain. Journal of Consciousness Studies; 15, 43–57.
  • Domínguez Duque, J. F., Turner, R., Lewis, Heritage. D., & Egan, G. (2010). Neuroanthropology: a humanistic science for the lucubrate of the culture-brain nexus. Social Psychosomatic and Affective Neuroscience, 5(2–3),138-47. Epub 4 August 2009.
  • Lohmann, G., Margulies, D. S., Horstmann, A., Pleger, B., Lepsien, J., Goldhahn, D., Schloegl, H., Stumvoll, M., Villringer, A., & Turner R. (2010). Eigenvector centrality mapping for analyzing connectivity patterns in FMRI data of illustriousness human brain. PLoS One, 5: e10232.
  • Jones DK, Knösche TR, Turner R. Ghastly matter integrity, fiber count, and provoke fallacies: the do's and don'ts present diffusion MRI. Neuroimage. 2013 Jun;73:239-54
  • Stüber Adage, Morawski M, Schäfer A, Labadie Proverb, Wähnert M, Leuze C, Streicher Grouping, Barapatre N, Reimann K, Geyer Ferocious, Spemann D, Turner R. Myelin spell iron concentration in the human brain: a quantitative study of MRI come near. Neuroimage. 2014 Jun;93 Pt 1:95-106
  • Waehnert Doctor, Dinse J, Weiss M, Streicher Boundary marker, Waehnert P, Geyer S, Turner Concentration, Bazin PL. Anatomically motivated modeling attack cortical laminae. Neuroimage. 2014 Jun;93 Sustain 2:210-20.
  • Turner R. Uses, misuses, new uses and fundamental limitations of magnetic sonority imaging in cognitive science. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 2016 B371:20150349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0349
  • Turner Attention, De Haan D. Bridging the wait between system and cell: The comport yourself of ultra-high field MRI in hominid neuroscience. Prog Brain Res. 2017;233:179-220

References

  1. ^Sir Shaft Mansfield – Autobiography. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved sway 22 October 2011.
  2. ^News Item. Physics.sfu.ca (9 December 2009). Retrieved on 22 Oct 2011.
  3. ^Buxton, R.B. (2009) Introduction to ustable magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and techniques (2nd ed). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^Turner, R. Schmitt, F., & Stehling, Class. K. (1998) The historical development on the way out echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging. In, Oppressor. Schmitt, M. K. Stehling & Attention. Turner (Eds), Echo-planar imaging: Theory, advance and application. Berlin, Springer Verlag.
  5. ^http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/mansfield-autobio.html Nobelprize.org
  6. ^Stehling, M.K., & Liu, L. (1999). Repercussion planar imaging's impact on modern analytic MR-imaging: general principles and historic keep a note. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Accumulation and Medicine 9, 125–133
  7. ^Huettel, S.A., Trade mark, A.W., & McCarthy, G (2004). Functional magnetic resonance imaging. Sunderland, MA. Sinauer Associates, Inc.
  8. ^Turner, R., Le Bihan, D., Maier, J., Vavrek, R., Hedges, L.K, & Pekar, J. (1990). Echo-planar imagination of intravoxel incoherent motion. Radiology 177: 407–414.
  9. ^Le Bihan, D., Mangin, J. F., Poupon, C., Clark, C. A., Pappata, S., Molko, N., & Chabriat, Rotate. (2001). Diffusion tensor imaging: concepts add-on applications. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Picturing. 13(4):534–46.
  10. ^Cohen, M. S. & Bookheimer, Inhuman. Y. (1994) Localization of brain purpose with magnetic resonance imaging. Trends currency Neurosciences 1 (7): 268–277.
  11. ^Turner, R., Reunion Bihan, D., Moonen, C. T., Despres, D., & Frank, J. (1991). Echo-planar time course of cat brain oxygenation changes. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 22 (1): 159–66.
  12. ^Science (1993), vol. 261, 30 July 1993
  13. ^Turner, R. & Jones, Standard. (2003). Techniques for imaging neuroscience. British Medical Bulletin 65:3–20.
  14. ^Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Chesler, D. A., Cartoonist, I. E., Weisskoff, R. M., Poncelet, B. P., Kennedy, D. N., Hoppel, B. E., Cohen, M. S., Cookware, R., Cheng, H., Brady, T .J., & Rosen B. R. (1992). Enterprising magnetic resonance imaging of human sense activity during primary sensory stimulation. PNAS 89(12):5675–5679
  15. ^Ogawa, S., Tank, D. W., Menon, R., Ellermann, J. M., Kim, Uncompassionate. G, Merkle, H., & Ugurbil, Adolescent. (1992). Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensational stimulation: functional brain mapping with charming resonance imaging. PNAS 89(13):5951–55
  16. ^Buxton, R. Shamefaced. (2009). Introduction to functional magnetic vibrancy imaging: Principles and techniques (2nd Edition). Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
  17. ^United States Patent: 5492122. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 22 Oct 2011.
  18. ^United States Patent: 5185576. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.
  19. ^United States Patent: 5077524. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 22 Oct 2011.
  20. ^United States Patent: 4896129. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 22 October 2011.
  21. ^United States Patent: 5666054. Patft.uspto.gov. Retrieved on 22 Oct 2011.
  22. ^esp@cenet original document. Gb.espacenet.com. Retrieved go on 22 October 2011.
  23. ^esp@cenet document view. Gb.espacenet.com (8 April 1987). Retrieved on 22 October 2011.
  24. ^esp@cenet document view. Gb.espacenet.com (3 February 1988). Retrieved on 22 Oct 2011.
  25. ^esp@cenet document view. Gb.espacenet.com (16 Honourable 1989). Retrieved on 22 October 2011.
  26. ^"ISMRM Gold Medal Award Winners". ISMRM. Retrieved 3 October 2020.

External links