Bharatendu harishchandra biography of barack
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Introduction
Bharatendu Harishchandra (9 September – 6 Jan ) was an Indian writer, rhymer, and playwright, widely regarded as glory father of modern Hindi literature courier Hindi theatre. His contributions to birth development of Hindi as a mythical language were monumental, and his run away with laid the foundation for subsequent generations of Hindi writers. Harishchandra's extensive reason of work reflects his deep commitment with the cultural, social, and civic issues of his time, making him a pivotal figure in the Asiatic literary renaissance of the 19th hundred.
Early Life and Education
Bharatendu Harishchandra was born on 9 September in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, into a well-off family of the Agarwal Bania dynasty. His father, Gopal Chandra, was dexterous poet who wrote under the scratch name ‘Girdhar Das,’ which influenced Bharatendu’s literary inclinations from an early flavour. Harishchandra’s mother, Harsharani Devi, passed damage when he was young, which challenging a profound impact on his warm-blooded life and creative expression.
Despite her highness family’s wealth, Harishchandra was deeply studied by the plight of the sappy and the colonial exploitation of Bharat. This sense of social justice brook national pride would later become tidy recurring theme in his works. Why not? received a traditional education in Indic, Persian, and Hindi, and was acquainted in Bengali and English, which enabled him to engage with a bulky spectrum of literary traditions.
Literary Career
Poetry
Harishchandra began writing poetry at a in the springtime of li age, and his work is forcible by its lyrical beauty and unlimited emotional depth. His poems often pass comment his personal experiences, including his depressed sense of loss and his jingoistic fervor. Some of his notable metrical works include "Prem Malika,""Prem Madhuri," added "Vinay Prem Pachasa." His poetry hurt a significant role in shaping current Hindi literature, as he was incontestable of the first writers to prevail on Hindi for expressing complex emotions explode ideas, previously reserved for more model languages like Sanskrit.
Plays and Theatre
Bharatendu Harishchandra is often credited with modernizing Hindi theatre. His plays, such in the same way "Andher Nagari,""Bharat Durdasha," and "Harishchandra," tip still considered classics. "Andher Nagari" quite good perhaps his most famous play, dexterous satirical comedy that criticizes the bigoted and corrupt nature of British inhabitants rule in India. His work show theatre was pioneering in its block off of Hindi as the language leverage drama and in addressing contemporary public issues.
Harishchandra also translated several frown from Bengali and English into Sanskrit, further enriching the corpus of Sanskrit literature. His plays were performed universally during his lifetime, and he was involved in every aspect of their production, from writing to directing, which contributed to the growth of Sanskrit theatre as a distinct genre.
Prose
In addition to his poetry and plays, Harishchandra was an accomplished prose man of letters. He wrote essays, historical accounts, discipline fiction, contributing to the development surrounding modern Hindi prose. His works oftentimes explored themes such as the pledge of the poor, the degradation nigh on traditional values, and the need propound social reform.
His historical works, much as "Bharatendu Itihas," provide a considerable analysis of India’s past, while coronate essays, such as "Agarwalon ki Utpatti," delve into the origins and earth of the Agarwal community, reflecting consummate interest in social history.
Journalism
Bharatendu was also a prominent journalist and managing editor. He founded and edited several periodicals, including Kavi Vachan Sudha and Harishchandra Magazine, which played a crucial character in the promotion of Hindi variety a literary language. These publications granting a platform for new writers existing were instrumental in shaping public intellect on important social and political issues of the time.
Social and Native Contributions
Bharatendu Harishchandra was not just exceptional literary figure but also a public reformer. He was deeply involved coach in the social and cultural movements attention his time and used his pamphlets to advocate for social reform, chiefly in the areas of women’s contend and education. He was a ironic proponent of using Hindi as keen medium for education and administration, believing that the promotion of the popular language was essential for the folk and intellectual development of the Asian people.
He was associated with a number of social organizations and played a muffled role in the establishment of institutions that promoted Hindi literature and humanity. His efforts in this direction just him the title "Bharatendu," meaning "Moon of India," a recognition of coronet significant contributions to Indian society.
Legacy
Bharatendu Harishchandra’s influence on Hindi literature forward theatre is profound and enduring. Elegance is often credited with laying say publicly foundations for the modern Hindi bookish tradition, and his works continue make use of be studied and performed today. Empress emphasis on social issues, his large of Hindi as a literary expression, and his pioneering work in Sanskrit theatre have left a lasting power on Indian culture.
Many institutions, plus the Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Portal in Lucknow, are named in reward honor, reflecting his enduring legacy have as a feature the field of literature and description arts.
Major Works
- Poetry:Prem Malika, Prem Madhuri, Vinay Prem Pachasa
- Plays:Andher Nagari, Bharat Durdasha, Harishchandra
- Prose:Agarwalon ki Utpatti, Bharatendu Itihas
- Journals:Kavi Vachan Sudha, Harishchandra Magazine
Personal Life
Bharatendu Harishchandra was married at a young age, consequent the customs of his time. Notwithstanding, his personal life was marked afford tragedy, including the early deaths be a devotee of his mother and later, his mate. These losses deeply affected him most recent are often reflected in the morose and depth of emotion found expose his writings.
Despite his personal sorrows, Harishchandra remained a tireless advocate mix social and cultural reform throughout climax life. His personal beliefs, including swell strong sense of national pride person in charge a commitment to social justice, keep posted much of his work.
Death
Bharatendu Harishchandra died on 6 January in Varanasi at the age of His inconvenient death was a great loss revere Hindi literature, but his works keep continued to inspire generations of writers and readers.
References
- Gupta, R.S. Bharatendu Harishchandra: A Critical Study. Delhi: Sahitya Akademi,
- Das, Sisir Kumar, ed. History elect Indian Literature: New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi,
- Rai, Amrit. A House Divided: The Origin and Development of Hindi/Urdu. Delhi: Oxford University Press,
- Harishchandra, Bharatendu. Agarwalon ki Utpatti. Khimraj Shrikrishnadas,
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