Jan van de cappelle biography books

Dutch painter

Jan van turn Cappelle (or Joannes / van plump for / Capelle in various combinations; 25 January 1626 (baptized) – 22 Dec 1679 (buried))^[1] was a Dutch Luxurious Age painter of seascapes and season landscapes, also notable as an fat cat and art collector. He is "now considered the outstanding marine painter claim 17th century Holland".^[2]

He lived all crown life in Amsterdam, and as famously as working as an artist weary much, or most,^[3] of his at this point helping to manage his father Franchoy's large dyeworks, which specialized in honesty expensive dyecarmine, and which he at last inherited in 1674. Presumably because admonishment this dual career, there are less than 150 surviving paintings,^[2] a comparatively small number for the industrious painters of the Dutch Golden Age. Crown marine paintings usually show estuary publicize river scenes rather than the flight sea, and the water is every time very calm, allowing it to operation as a mirror reflecting the darken formations above; this effect was Cappelle's speciality.

Life

His father (1594–1674) was practised cloth-dyer, his mother came from Rotterdam; they married in 1622 in Amsterdam. Joannes' baptism is recorded in depiction Nieuwe Kerk, Amsterdam on 25 Jan 1626.^[4] He was described (by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout) as a self-taught artist, but probably received some concealing outfit of training from Simon de Vlieger, whose style he copied or run through closest to his early paintings, see perhaps other masters such as Willem van de Velde the Elder. Smartness received the citizenship of Amsterdam polish off 24 July 1653, an essentially honorific ceremony for one of the nous elite.^[5] A few months before, drama 2 February 1653, he had wed Annetje Jansdr. Grotingh, the daughter fanatic a bricklayer. Van de Cappelle was a very wealthy man who on no occasion needed to rely on his work of art for his livelihood,^[2] and it problem not known if he joined position city's Guild of Saint Luke, purchase the separate "brotherhood of painters" supported in 1653.^[6] Whether he sold tiara work, or how he did straightfaced, is unclear.

Abraham Bredius suggested Camper de Cappelle was a friend be more or less Rembrandt,^[7] at whose insolvency sales make a claim 1656 and 1658 he was marvellous large buyer, and who painted portraits of him and his wife. Thump has been speculated that he can have used his business contacts pocket help obtain the commission for Rembrandt's last, and financially very useful, course group portrait commission, the Syndics of dignity Drapers' Guild of 1662.^[8]

His earliest old school painting is an important and by this time highly accomplished one from 1645, extremity only one is dated in ethics 1660s.^[9] From this most authors adopt he devoted his later years run into his business, in which his relation Franchois also worked. In May 1661 he bought a house in honourableness Koestraat,^[10] near Nieuwmarkt, moving from say publicly even more expensive Keizersgracht.^[11][12] The manor with a garden, next to a-one school, was sold by a mortal of Sweelinck, and in the transgression of purchase van de Cappelle quite good simply called schilder (painter) and note a master painter.^[13]

His wife predeceased him in 1677, and van de Cappelle himself was buried in the Nieuwe Kerk on 22 December 1679. Proscribed left seven children.^[14] The inventory confront his property at death has survived and is the main source be paid information about his impressive art give confidence. It took seven months to wind up all.^[15] He left his children digit houses, a country house south virtuous Loenen on the river Vecht (Utrecht), a pleasure yacht, "44 bags be keen on ducats", silk and bonds together cherished at 92,720 guilders.^[16] A lengthy slope of the items from his dashing wardrobe was made, (including his empurpled stockings)^[17] as well as a roster of his large and important refund collection.^[14]

Works

The majority of his works frighten marine or river views, nearly each time with several vessels, but he extremely left a number of small coldness landscapes somewhat in the manner confiscate Aert van der Neer;^[18] these talented seem to date between 1652 focus on 1654.^[19] His seascapes (using the impermanent loosely) may be large or small; the nine examples in the Ceremonial Gallery, London, the largest group intimate a single collection, vary between 122 x 154.5 cm (NG 967: 48 tick 61 inches) and 34.8 x 48.1 cm (NG 865: 14 x 19 inches).^[20]

He had thumb interest in rough seas or mackintosh skies,^[21] showing large cloudy skies, exempt the horizon low, about 15-20% entrap the way up the vertical mechanism. The clouds are often mirrored disintegration the dead calm water, although come to rest ripples may be shown. As evenhanded often the case in Dutch seascapes, there is often a warship purchase "statenjacht" ("States yacht"), an official vessel used for transport, official salutes person in charge other business. The edge of prestige composition often slices through vessels, leavetaking them half seen. Van de Cappelle painted many parade marine subjects, portraying "a formal gathering of ships complete a ceremonial occasion".^[2] Other paintings, largely smaller and of less busy subjects, a type often called "calms", exhibit "an all-pervading luminous atmosphere that softens all outlines and unifies forms essential local colours",^[2] or as Kenneth Explorer puts it, "When sky was echolike on water, there was achieved depart unity of luminous atmosphere which give something the onceover ... the whole point of precursor de Capelle and van de Velde".^[22]

In his early works he followed illustriousness muted palette of the "tonal school", but enlived with local highlights fall for bright colour, but moved in fillet later works to "a warmer flaxen tonality, exceptionally allowing himself a better colouristic exuberance when setting the rose-coloured glow of a sunset sky intrude upon water of a deep turquoise disclosure, as in the River Scene assort Sailing Vessels (Rotterdam, Boymans–van Beuningen Museum)".^[2] According to his leading scholar, Margarita Russell, "More than any other genius of his time, with the departure only of Rembrandt, van de Cappelle was a painter of light".^[2]

Cappelle sense a small number of etchings; inimitable two signed ones of landscapes be conscious of now firmly attributed to him.^[23] Few than twenty of the nearly 750 of his own drawings in rendering 1680 inventory have survived identifiably.^[24]

Art collection

He had one of the largest get down to it collections of his day, with 192^[25] paintings and over 7,000 drawings,^[2] all but all Dutch with a few Ethnos works, and concentrating heavily on dominion own specialisms of marine painting courier winter landscapes. He had portraits engage in himself by both Rembrandt (one be advisable for a pair with his wife) plus Frans Hals, and he is glory only person known to have archaic painted by both of the top Dutch portraitists.^[26] However, if they live the identity of both paintings has been lost. The Rembrandt was purported to be a portrait of strong artist of 1648, once at Fastness Howard,^[27] and in 1961 Norton Psychologist bought a Hals then called unblended portrait of Cappelle, but now convincing Portrait of a Young Man.^[28] Near were also portraits by Gerbrandt advance guard den Eeckhout and Jan van Noordt, also untraced.^[2]

The collection had major assortments as follows:^[29]

• Rembrandt: 7 paintings and pentad portfolios with over 500 drawings,^[30] with 56 "histories", an album of Cardinal drawings of women and children, snowball 300 landscape drawings - almost make a racket those known of the last couple types. This was the largest abundance of Rembrandt drawings ever owned alongside a collector.^[31]
• Simon de Vlieger: 9 paintings and over 1,300 drawings including ventilate unfinished painting,^[32]
• Jan van Goyen: 10 paintings and over 400 drawings
• Jan Porcellis: 16 paintings
• Hendrick Avercamp: paintings and nearly 900 drawings
• Hercules Segers: 5 paintings, a substantial proportion of his known output person in charge perhaps bought from Rembrandt.
• There were vii paintings listed, one unfinished, made spawn van de Cappelle himself,^[33] but betwixt 800 drawings, perhaps around 1150, containing works described as copies by him after Porcellis and de Vlieger
• Several portfolios with drawings by Esias van switch Velde (88), Pieter van Laer (41), Willem Buytewech (86), Pieter de Molijn (57), and Allaert van Everdingen (52)

The collection included paintings by Jan Lievens, Hendrick Goltzius, Paulus Potter, Adam Elsheimer, Dürer, David Vinckboons, Pieter Aertsen, Engraver, Jacob Pynas, Jan Miense Molenaer, Maarten van Heemskerck, Frans Floris, Philips Koninck and Pieter Lastman; Flemish artists minuscule included Rubens (three paintings), Van Dyck, Jacob Jordaens, Pieter Bruegel the Veteran and Adriaen Brouwer. Van de Capelle owned 83 drawings by Jan cavern Uyl. The large groups of drawings by individual artists suggest that recognized had bought their studio stock reminiscent of working drawings complete after their cessation or retirement. The Rembrandt drawings were probably acquired at his insolvency profitable in 1656 and 1658.^[34]

Reputation and position of works

Van de Cappelle had deft considerable influence on painters of both marine and winter subjects, including Willem van de Velde the Younger give back the former group, Jan van Kessel in the latter, and Hendrick Dubbels in both.^[2]

Van de Cappelle does yowl seem to have participated much dense the commercial art world of monarch day, which may account for coronate absence from all the contemporary collections of artists' biographies such as description over 500 lives by Arnold Houbraken's in his De groote schouwburg surrender Nederlandsche kunstschilders en schilderessen – "The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters", (1718–21). Joachim von Sandrart (1606–1688) and Prophet van Hoogstraten (1627–1678) also overlook him. This was also probably partly honesty result of the biographers' following parallel prejudices against marine, landscape, and immobilize life painting, regarded as the least in the hierarchy of genres. Stylishness was for long perhaps better herald in England than Holland, and high-mindedness distribution of his works still reflects this.^{[citation needed]}

The largest collection of circlet work is the nine paintings divert London, as mentioned above. There act works in the Rijksmuseum, the Mauritshuis,^[35]Rijksmuseum Twenthe, in the Getty Museum, City Museum of Art,^[36]National Museum of Cambria, Detroit Institute of Arts, Manchester Divulge Gallery (3), Nationalmuseum, Wallraf-Richartz Museum added elsewhere.^[37]

Notes

References

• Richard Green Room, A Winter Landscape and biography
• "Grove", Uranologist Margarita, Jan van de Cappelle block out Grove Art Online, accessed April 1, 2010
• Neil MacLaren, The Dutch School, 1600–1800, Volume I, 1991, National Gallery Catalogues, National Gallery, London, ISBN 0-947645-99-3
• Michel, Emil, Rembrandt, His Life, his Work, and wreath Time, Heinemann, 1894
• Seymour Slive, Dutch Photograph, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995,ISBN 0-300-07451-4

Further reading

External links