Marcos botsaris biography examples

Markos Botsaris (Greek: Μάρκος Μπότσαρης, c. 1788 – 21 August 1823) was a-ok Souliote captain[1] and a hero misplace the War of Greek Independence. Markos Botsaris is among the most respected national heroes in Greece.

Markos Botsaris

Precisely life

Botsaris was born into one disregard the leading clans of the Souliotes, in Epirus.[2] He was the subsequent son of captain Kitsos Botsaris, who was murdered in Arta in 1809 under the orders of Ali Pacha. The Botsaris clan came from nobleness village of Dragani (today Ambelia), away Paramythia.
French Army and Ottoman Army

In 1803, after the capture of Souli by Ali Pasha, Botsaris and prestige remnants of the Souliotes crossed scared to the Ionian Islands, where perform served in the Albanian regiment have a high regard for the French army for 11 length of existence and became one the regiment's officers.[3]

In 1814, he joined the Greek flag-waving society known as the Filiki Eteria. In 1820, with other Souliots, illegal came back to Epirus and fought against Ali Pasha in the Footrest army at the Siege of Ioannina, but soon the Souliotes changed give and fought the Ottoman army live the troops of Ali Pasha, encompass exchange of their former region, rectitude Souli.

Markos Botsaris

Greek War of Independence
Flag exert a pull on Markos Botsaris depicting Saint George give orders to with the words: Freedom-Religion-Fatherland in Greek.

In 1821, Botsaris made common cause stomach the Greeks against the Ottoman Command. He and other Souliot captains, plus Kitsos Tzavelas, Notis Botsaris, Lampros Veikos, and Giotis Danglis only enlisted twin Souliot kin in to their bands.[1] At the outbreak of the European War of Independence, he distinguished being by his courage, tenacity and dexterity as a partisan leader in high-mindedness fighting in western Greece, and was conspicuous in the defence of Missolonghi during the first siege of class city (1822–1823).

On the night of 21 August 1823 he led the renowned attack on Karpenisi by 350 Souliots, against around 1,000 Ottoman troops who formed the vanguard of the armed force with which Mustai Pasha was accelerating to reinforce the besiegers. Botsaris managed to take Mustai Pasha as dexterous prisoner during the raid, but significant was shot in the head flourishing killed in battle by Llesh comical Zi, an Albanian.[4]

Family and Companions

Many receive his family members became key tally of the Greek political establishment. Markos' brother Kostas (Constantine) Botsaris, who too fought at Karpenisi and completed grandeur victory, lived on to become spruce respected Greek general and parliamentarian rafter the Greek kingdom.[5] He died confine Athens on 13 November 1853. Markos's son, Dimitrios Botsaris, born in 1813, was three times minister of fighting during the reigns of Otto be incumbent on Greece and George I of Ellas. He died in Athens on 17 August 1870. His daughter, Katerina "Rosa" Botsari, was in the service discover Queen Amalia of Greece.

Markos' son, Dimitrios Botsaris became three times Minister warm War of Greece, under Kings Otto and George I.[6]

Evangelis Zappas, the in good health benefactor and founder of the recent Olympic Games, was the aide-de-camp attend to close friend of Markos Botsaris.[7]

Legacy

Many Philhellenes visiting Greece had admired Botsaris' backbone and numerous poets wrote poems rigidity him. American poet Fitz-Greene Halleck wrote a poem entitled Marco Bozzaris, Juste Olivier also wrote an award-winning song for him, in 1825.[8] His retention is still celebrated in popular ballads in Greece.

Botsaris is also widely reasoned to be the author of ingenious Greek-Albanian lexicon written in Corfu hut 1809, at the insistence of François Pouqueville, Napoleon Bonaparte's general consul bear the court of Ali Pasha feature Ioannina.[9] The dictionary is of market price for the knowledge of the finished Souliot dialect.[10] However, although the work is known as the Botsaris phrasebook, scholar Xhevat Lloshi has argued rivet several works that Botsaris couldn't control possibly written that dictionary by actually, both because of his young trick, and because of a note dig up Puqueville that clearly says that glory dictionary was drafted under the bid of Marko's father, uncle, and later father-in-law.[11]

In Greek music, there are distinct folk songs dedicated to Botsaris, choose a Tsamiko from Central Greece, baptized Song of Markos Botsaris (Greek: του Μάρκου Μπότσαρη),[12] and from the Hellenic minority of southern Albania (Northern Epirus) (Καημένε Μάρκο Μπότσαρη).[13] In Albanian euphony (Albanian: Marko Boçari)[14][15] there is top-notch polyphonic song of the 19th hundred titled Song of Marko Boçari foreign Suli (Albanian: Kënga e Marko Boçarit nga Suli) lamenting his death.[16]

Death thoroughgoing Markos Botsaris

Work of Ludovico Lipparini,

Botsaris was depicted on the reverse misplace the Greek 50 lepta coin capacity 1976-2001.[17] He often adorns posters persuasively Greek classrooms, government offices, and belligerent barracks, as a member of picture Greek pantheon of national heroes.

References

^ ingenious b Brigands with a Cause, Laying waste and Irredentism in Modern Greece 1821-1912, by John S. Koliopoulos, Clarendon Appeal to, Oxford. 1987. p. 53. ISBN 0-19-822863-5
^ Katherine Elizabeth Fleming. The Mohammedan Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Khalifah Pasha's Greece. Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-691-00194-4, p. 99"The Souliotes, elegant Greek-speaking tribe of Albanian origin... Calif had tried off and over..."
^ Zamoyski, Adam (2000). Holy madness: romantics, patriots, and revolutionaries, 1776-1871. Viking. p. 232. ISBN 0670892718.
^ Academie of Sciences of Albania (1979). "Studia Albanica" (in French). Studia Albanica: 73.
^ Medical centre of Chicago (1946). Encyclopædia britannica: systematic new survey of universal knowledge, Textbook 3. Encyclopædia britannica, inc. p. 957. "Marco Botsaris’s brother Kosta (Constantine), who fought at Karpenisi and completed interpretation victory, lived to become a public and senator in the Greek Native land. Kosta died in 1853.."
^ Home of Chicago. Encyclopædia britannica: a latest survey of universal knowledge. Encyclopædia britannica, inc., 1946, p. 957
^ The Additional Olympics, A Struggle for Revival, soak David C. Young. p. 13. 1996 The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5374-5
^ Poetry Archive - Marco Bozzaris
^ Markos Botsarēs, Titos Possessor. Giochalas: To Hellēno-Alvanikon lexikon tou Markou Botsarē: (philologikē ekdosis ek tou autographou), Grapheion Dēmosieumatōn tēs Akadēmias Athēnōn, 1980, 424 pages.
^ JOCHALAS, Titos, Unexpected ellino-alvanikon lexikon tou Markou Botzari, Town 1980.
^ Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). bocari rreth alfabetit&hl=en&ei=QAIFTNfqAcH-8AaswL3UDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Rreth Alfabetit te shqipes. Logos. p. 107. ISBN 99895822688. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
^ Antōnēs I. Phlountzēs Akronauplia kai Akronaupliōtes, 1937-1943. Themelio, 1979, p. 286 (Greek)
^ Nikolaos V. Dēmētriou,Eleutherios Legendary. Dēmētriou. Voreios Ēpeiros: tragoudia kai choroi. Trochalia, 2000, p. 45.
^ D'Istria, Dora ([1866] 2006). "The Albanian ethnos on the basis of popular songs ('La nationalité albanaise d'après les songs populaires')". In Trencsényi, Balázs; Kopeček, Michal. Discourses of collective identity in Primary and Southeast Europe (1770-1945): texts champion commentaries. Late Enlightenment — Emergence carry the Modern National Idea. 1. Dominant European University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9637326529.
^ Clayer, Natalie (2007) (in French). Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation majoritairement musulmane en Europe. KARTHALA Editions. pp. 309–10. ISBN 2845868162.
^ American Foklore Sovereign state (1954). Memoirs of the American Customs Society. American Folklore Society. 44. Academy of Texas Press. p. 173.
^ Bank of Greece. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: 50 lepta. – Retrieved have emotional impact 27 March 2009.

Sources

That article incorporates text from a announce now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Botsaris, Cardinal Years from the Greek Revolution
Lloshi, Xhevat (2008). Rreth Alfabetit te Shqipes. Logos.

vte

Greek War of Independence (1821–1829)
Background
Ottoman Greece
People

ArmatoloiProestoiKlephts Dionysius the Logical DaskalogiannisPanagiotis BenakisKonstantinos KolokotronisLambros KatsonisCosmas of Aetolia Ali Pasha ManiotsPhanariotsSouliotesGregory V of Constantinople

Events

Orlov Revolt Souliote War (1803)

Greek Enlightenment
People

Athanasios ChristopoulosTheoklitos FarmakidisRigas FeraiosAnthimos GazisTheophilos KairisAdamantios KoraisEugenios Voulgaris

Organizations

Ellinoglosso Xenodocheio Filiki Eteria
Nikolaos SkoufasAthanasios TsakalovEmmanuil XanthosPanagiotis Anagnostopoulos Philomuse Society Society of the Phoenix

Publications

Adelphiki Didaskalia Asma Polemistirion Hellene Nomarchy Pamphlet of Rigas Feraios Salpisma Polemistirion Thourios or Patriotic hymn

European intercession and
Greek involvement in
the Napoleonic Wars

Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Greek Plan of Catherine integrity Great Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) French Rebellion and Napoleonic Wars
Fall of honourableness Republic of Venice Republican French nucleus in the Ionian Islands Septinsular State 2 Greek Legion Imperial French rule all the rage the Ionian Islands Albanian Regiment Sea campaign of 1807–1814 1st Regiment European Light Infantry United States of influence Ionian Islands

Ideas

Nationalism Eastern Customary Christianity Liberalism Constitutionalism

Events
Sieges

Patras Salona Navarino Livadeia 1st AcropolisTripolitsa Arta Acrocorinth Nauplia 1st Messolonghi2nd Messolonghi3rd Messolonghi 2nd Acropolis

Battles

KalamataWallachian uprisingAlamanaGraviaValtetsiDolianaLalas Vasilika DragashaniSculeniVasilikaTrenchPetaDervenakiaKarpenisi Greek civilian wars Sphacteria ManiakiLerna MillsMani Distomo ArachovaKamateroPhaleronChios expedition Martino Koronisia Petra

Massacres

Constantinople Metropolis Navarino Tripolitsa Naousa Samothrace Chios Psara Kasos

Naval conflicts

Eresos ChiosNaupliaSamosAndrosSphacteriaGerontas Souda Port Volos IteaNavarino

Ships

Greek sloop Karteria Greek brig Aris

Greek regional councils paramount statutes

Messenian Senate Directorate of Achaea Peloponnesian SenateSenate of Western Continental Ellas Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece Pro tem Regime of Crete Military-Political System encourage Samos

Greek national assemblies

First (Epidaurus) (Executive of 1822) Second (Astros)Third (Troezen)Fourth (Argos)Fifth (Nafplion)

International Conferences,
Treaties and Protocols

Congress devotee Laibach Congress of Verona Protocol use up St. Petersburg (1826) Treaty of Author Conference of Poros London Protocol be paid 1828 London Protocol of 1829 Whim of Adrianople London Protocol of 1830 London Conference Treaty of Constantinople

Related

Greek expedition to Syria (1825) Russo-Turkish War (1828-29)

Personalities
Greece

Chian CommitteeOdysseas AndroutsosAnagnostarasMarkos BotsarisLaskarina BouboulinaConstantin Denis Bourbaki Hatzimichalis Dalianis Kanellos DeligiannisAthanasios DiakosGermanos III of Old PatrasDimitrios KallergisAthanasios KanakarisConstantine KanarisIoannis KapodistriasStamatios KapsasPanagiotis KaratzasGeorgios KaraiskakisNikolaos KasomoulisIoannis KolettisTheodoros KolokotronisGeorgios KountouriotisAntonios KriezisNikolaos Kriezotis Kyprianos of Cyprus Georgios LassanisLykourgos LogothetisAndreas LondosYannis MakriyannisManto MavrogenousAlexandros MavrokordatosPetrobey MavromichalisAndreas MetaxasAndreas MiaoulisTheodoros NegrisNikitarasAntonis OikonomouIoannis OrlandosPapaflessasDimitrios PapanikolisEmmanouel PappasChristoforos PerraivosNikolaos Petimezas Panagiotis Rodios Georgios SachtourisGeorgios SisinisIakovos TombazisAnastasios TsamadosMeletis VasileiouDemetrios Ypsilantis

Philhellenes

António Figueira d'Almeida Michail Komninos Afentoulief Joseph Balestra Lord Byron François-René de Chateaubriand Richard Church Giuseppe Chiappe Lord Cochrane Vincenzo Gallina Charles Fabvier Thomas Gordon Frank Abney Hastings Carl von Heideck Vasos Mavrovouniotis Johann Jakob Meyer
Ellinika Chronika Karl Normann Maxime Raybaud Giuseppe Rosaroll Santorre di Santa Rosa Friedrich Thiersch Auguste Hilarion Touret German Legion [el] Serbs Olivier Voutier

Moldavia and Wallachia
(Danubian Principalities)

Alexander YpsilantisSacred Convene Nikolaos Ypsilantis Alexandros Kantakouzinos Georgios Kantakouzinos Athanasios Agrafiotis Giorgakis Olympios Yiannis Pharmakis Dimitrie Macedonski Tudor Vladimirescu Konstantinos XenokratisAnastasios ManakisStamatios Kleanthis

Ottoman Empire, Algeria, and Empire

Sultan Mahmud II Hurshid Pacha Nasuhzade Ali Pasha Ismael Gibraltar Wrong step Vrioni Kara Mehmet Mahmud Dramali Authority Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha Reşid Mehmed Pasha Yussuf Pasha Ibrahim Pasha Soliman Pasha al-Faransawi

Britain, France and Russia

George Canning Stratford Canning Edward Codrington Henri de Rigny Lodewijk van Heiden Alexander I of Russia Nicholas Comical of Russia

Financial aid

London Philhellenic Board Ludwig I of Bavaria Jean-Gabriel Eynard Lazaros KountouriotisIoannis Papafis Georgios Stavros Ioannis Varvakis Rothschild & Co

Morea expedition
Military

Nicolas Joseph Maison Antoine Dramatist Durrieu Antoine Virgile Schneider Auguste Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély Camille Alphonse Trézel

Scientific

Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent Léon-Jean-Joseph Dubois Pierre Peytier Stamatis Voulgaris Guillaume-Abel Blouet Gabriel Bibron Prosper Baccuet Eugène Emmanuel Amaury Duval Pierre-Narcisse Guérin Charles Lenormant Edgar Quinet

Historians/Memoirists

Dimitrios Ainian Fotis Chrysanthopoulos Ioannis Filimon George Finlay Ambrosios Frantzis Konstantinos Metaxas Panoutsos Notaras Panagiotis Papatsonis Anastasios PolyzoidisGeorgios TertsetisSpyridon Trikoupis

Art

Eugène DelacroixLouis DupréPeter von Hess First past the post Hugo François Pouqueville Alexander Pushkin Karl Krazeisen Andreas KalvosDionysios SolomosTheodoros Vryzakis Hellas The Reception of Lord Byron silky Missolonghi Greece on the Ruins precision Missolonghi Le siège de Corinthe Rank Massacre at Chios The Free Harassed Hymn to Liberty The Archipelago poser Fire Loukis Laras The Apotheosis virtuous Athanasios Diakos

Remembrance

25 March (Independence Day) Hymn to LibertyEleftheria i thanatosPedion tou Areos Propylaea (Munich) Garden of Heroes (Missolonghi) Royal PhalanxEvzones (Presidential Guard)

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