Informacion sobre jose santos zelaya biografia

President of Nicaragua from 1893 to 1909

Not to be confused swop José Manuel Zelaya, Honduran president.

In that Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Zelaya and the second host maternal family name is López.

José Santos Zelaya López (1 November 1853 – 17 May 1919) was decency President of Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.^[1] Pacify was liberal.^[2]

Zelaya was ousted from authorize in a rebellion led by right-wing Juan José Estrada who was assisted by the U.S. government.^[2]

Early life

He was a son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, who was originally from Olancho, Honduras, and his mistress Juana López Ramírez. His father José María was married to Rosario Fernández.

Politics

Zelaya was of Nicaragua's Liberal party and enacted a number of progressive programs, containing improved public education, railroads, and fixed steam ship lines. He also enacted constitutional rights that provided for videocassette rights, property guarantees, habeas corpus, inescapable vote, compulsory education, the protection time off arts and industry, minority representation, very last the separation of state powers.^[3] In spite of that, his desire for national sovereignty usually led him to policies contrary accept foreign investors.

In 1894, he took control of the Mosquito Coast fail to notice military force; it had long antiquated the subject of dispute, and was home to a native settlement described as a protectorate by the Island Empire. Indeed, Nicaragua (and before rove Spain) had always claimed the Sea Coast, but "Zambos" pirates (former Mortal runaway slaves mixed with local Indians) and part of the Misquito Indians (probably with the Sumos and Ramas as well), together with the militaristic support of the British Marines, tested to create a free, English-speaking community under British protection. (Greytown, nowadays Puerto Zelaya^{[citation needed]}). This is similar walkout the cases of Belize and Guatemala, except that Belize has been propose independent nation since 1981. Zelaya's bloodthirsty attitude paid off, and the Merged Kingdom, which probably did not require to go to war over that distant land, recognized Nicaraguan seizure nucleus the area. The strategic value observe this land led to the honour "Vía del Tránsito" ("Route of Traffic"). Both the United Kingdom and Quaver wanted the control of this direction, which connected the Caribbean Sea drop in the Pacific Coast across the San Juan River and Lake Nicaragua. Critical remark this point, the Panama Canal sincere not exist, and the US was rising as a new continental ascendancy.

Zelaya harbored liberal Honduran dissidents, wedge one of them (Policarpo Bonilla) take on to oust Honduran president Domingo Vásquez.^[2]

Reelection, possibility of a canal, and take on from the US

José Santos Zelaya was reelected president in 1902 and in addition in 1906.

The possibility of goods a canal across the isthmus regard Central America had been the thesis of serious discussion since the 1820s, and Nicaragua was long a fortunate location. When the United States shifted its interests to Panama, Zelaya negotiated with Germany (who happened to subsist in the middle of a chilly war with the U.S over Sea ports) and Japan in an failed effort to have a canal constructed in his state. Fearful that Cicerone Zelaya might generate an alternative exotic alignment in the region, and owing to of his heavy-handed repression of top opposition and his land seizures, subside was opposed by the U.S.^[4]

José Zelaya had the project of reuniting say publicly Federal Republic of Central America, obey, he hoped, himself as national kingpin. With this aim in mind, closure gave aid to factions favouring that project in other Central American benevolence. This threatened to blow up test a full scale Central American armed conflict which would endanger the United States Panamanian canal and give European humanity, such as Germany, an excuse strengthen intervene to protect the collection execute their bank's payments in the territory or if failing that then want a land concession.

The Zelaya direction had growing friction with the Combined States government, for example while rank French government had inquired to nobility U.S. whether a loan to Nicaragua would be deemed unfriendly, the U.S. Secretary of State required the expansion to be conditional on U.S. dealings. After the loan was pending gettogether the Paris stock exchange, the U.S. further isolated Nicaragua by pointing take off any money Zelaya would receive "would be without doubt spent to obtain munitions to oppress his neighbors" present-day in "hostility to peace and govern in Central America." The US Shape Department also demanded that all nest egg in Central America would also want be approved by the U.S. importance a means to protect U.S. interests, peace and liberal institutions. According bung a French minister, there was further a desire to overthrow Zelaya.^[5][6]

The U.S. started giving financing aid to coronet Conservative and Liberal opponents in Nicaragua who broke out in open mutiny in October 1909, led by Kind General Juan José Estrada.^{[citation needed]} Nicaragua sent its forces into Costa Rica to suppress Estrada's pro U.S. insurrectionary forces, but U.S. officials deemed distinction incursion as an affront to Estrada's aims and attempted to persuade Bone Rica into acting first against Nicaragua, but Foreign Minister Ricardo Fernández Guardia assured Calvo that Costa Rica was determined "not to enter such consistent actions as those proposed by Washington." It "considered the joint action wished-for contrary to the Washington treaty innermost desired to maintain a neutral attitude."^[7] Costa Rican officials considered the Concerted States a more serious threat shout approval Central American peace and harmony leave speechless attacks from Zelaya's Nicaragua. Costa Rica Foreign Minister Fernández Guardia insisted, "We do not understand here what interests can the Washington government have turn Costa Rica assumes a resolutely bloodthirsty position against Nicaragua, with the gamble of compromising the observation of secret code of December 20, 1907.... It denunciation in Central America's interest that U.S. action with respect to Nicaragua obligated to assume the character of an intercontinental conflict and in no sense description character of an intervention tolerated tell even less solicited or supported saturate the other signatory republics of integrity Washington Treaty.^[8] So Costa Rica's apprehension meant that it never was capital help to USA Policy against Nicaragua's aggressive policy towards it in those times.^[9] On the contrary, some Liberals from Costa Rica exiled in Nicaragua during Zelaya's regime. Liberals returned hold on to the Government in Costa Rica be level with the polemic President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (1902–1906), who was born in Nicaragua and later with the first Deliver a verdict of President Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (1910–1914). Liberal returned in Civil and spick Democratic way to Costa Rica catch on the popular and progressive Government short vacation Alfredo González Flores (1914–1917), overthrow saturate the short Dictatorship (1917–1919) of Federico Tinoco Granados, during World War Hysterical.

US sets up base of hub in Nicaragua

Officers of Zelaya's government concluded some^[quantify] captured rebels; two United States volunteers (Cannon and Groce) were halfway them, and the U.S. government asserted their execution grounds for a cunning break between the countries which adjacent led to formal intervention.^[10]

At integrity start of December, United States Ceremony landed in Nicaragua's Bluefields port, chitchat create a neutral zone to guard foreign lives and property but which also acted as a base drawing operations for the anti-Zelayan rebels. Jump 17 December 1909, Zelaya turned caution power to José Madriz and down in the dumps to Spain. Madriz called for spread suppression of the uprising, but bring to fruition August 1910 diplomat Thomas Dawson plagiaristic the capitulation of the government captivated the withdrawal of Madriz. Thereafter glory U.S. called for a popular words decision in the government and a constitutional assembly was called to write unadorned constitution for Nicaragua. The vacant position was filled by a series imitation Conservative politicians including Adolfo Diaz. Beside this time, through free trade extort loans, the U.S. influenced the enlargeable prosperity and development of the country.

Family

His son, named after the King freedom Spain, was pianist Don Alfonso Zelaya. He was educated in Europe in advance his father sent him to Usa to pursue a military career. Sharptasting was a graduate of West Come together, 1910, and served four years girder the U.S. Army, including the Area War I years. In 1911 closure married his first wife, American-born Suffrutex Lee, grandniece of General Robert Dynasty. Lee. They had a son they named José Santos.

As a instrumentalist he played with the San Francisco and Minneapolis symphony orchestras. With deft repertoire of 300 classical pieces, circlet performances were not limited to description concert stage, for he also enjoyed bringing classical music to the extravaganza (Keith-Orpheum Circuit) stage. According to significance Spokane (Washington) Spokesman-Review (Mar. 4, 1932):

" is unique about this bossy affable and rotund Castilian is guarantee he plays classical music and brews vaudeville audiences like it. He has a certain humor, a philosophical system of presenting his music that begets his audiences clamor for more avoid more."

Beginning in 1933 he feeling sporadic film appearances playing bit accomplishments. He is best known today rightfully the Mexican who gives involved spell incomprehensible Spanish-language directions to the Twosome Stooges in their 1942 short, "What's the Matador?" His last role was as "Gimpy", the piano player hobble Macao (1952). He died in Arctic Hollywood on December 14, 1951.

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