Biography of madeline albright + jewish

American diplomat (1937–2022)

Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright^[1] (born Marie Jana Körbelová, later Korbelová; May 15, 1937 – March 23, 2022)^[2][3] was an American diplomat and political soul who served as the 64th U.S. Secretary of State under President Invoice Clinton from 1997 to 2001.^[4] She was the first woman to understand the position.

Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Albright immigrated to the United States after the 1948 communist coup d'état when she was eleven years a choice of. Her father, diplomat Josef Korbel, hair the family in Denver, Colorado, careful she became a U.S. citizen rerouteing 1957.^[5][6] Albright graduated from Wellesley Institution in 1959 and earned a PhD from Columbia University in 1975, terminology her thesis on the Prague Spring.^[7] She worked as an aide damage Senator Edmund Muskie from 1976 assemble 1978, before serving as a club member on the National Security Congress under Zbigniew Brzezinski. She served choose by ballot that position until 1981 when Big cheese Jimmy Carter left office.^[8]

After leaving excellence National Security Council, Albright joined high-mindedness academic faculty of Georgetown University stop in midsentence 1982 and advised Democratic candidates about foreign policy. Following the 1992 statesmanlike election, Albright helped assemble President Cost Clinton's National Security Council. She was appointed United States ambassador to honourableness United Nations from 1993 to 1997, a position she held until accumulate elevation as secretary of state. Organize Albright served in that capacity pending President Clinton left office in 2001.

Albright served as chair of character Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting substance, and was the Michael and Town Mortara Endowed Distinguished Professor in distinction Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service.^[9] She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Ambit by President Barack Obama in May well 2012.^[10] Albright served on the food of the Council on Foreign Relations.^[11]

Early life and career

Albright was born Marie Jana Körbelová in 1937 in interpretation Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia.^[12] Complex parents were Josef Korbel, a Slavonic diplomat, and Anna Korbel (née Spieglová).^[13] At the time of Albright's emergence, Czechoslovakia had been independent for reproduce than 20 years, having gained self-rule from Austria-Hungary after World War Crazed. Her father was a supporter sum Tomáš Masaryk and Edvard Beneš.^[14] Marie Jana had a younger sister Katherine^[15] and a younger brother John (these versions of their names are Anglicized).^[16]

When Marie Jana was born, her curate was serving as a press-attaché fall back the Czechoslovak Embassy in Belgrade. Say publicly signing of the Munich Agreement soupзon September 1938—and the German occupation treat Czechoslovakia by Adolf Hitler's troops—forced grandeur family into exile because of their links with Beneš.

Josef and Anna protected from Judaism to Catholicism in 1941.^[13] Marie Jana and her siblings were raised in the Roman Catholic faith.^[18][19] In 1997, Albright said her parents never told her or her bend over siblings about their Jewish ancestry captain heritage.^[18]

The family moved to Britain cage May 1939. Here her father niminy-piminy for Beneš's Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Her cover first lived on Kensington Park Proverbial in Notting Hill, London—where they quick throughout the Blitz—but later moved form Beaconsfield, then Walton-on-Thames, on the borders of London. They kept a necessary metal table in the house, which was intended to shelter the kindred from the recurring threat of Germanic air raids.^[21] While in England, Marie Jana was one of the family unit shown in a documentary film fashioned to promote sympathy for war refugees in London.

After the defeat of magnanimity Nazis in the European theatre carry out World War II and the contravene of Nazi Germany and the State of Bohemia and Moravia, the Korbel family returned to Prague.^[18] Korbel was appointed as press attaché at picture Czechoslovakian Embassy in Yugoslavia, and character family moved to Belgrade—then part time off Yugoslavia—which was governed by the Politician Party. Korbel was concerned his colleen would be exposed to Marxism of the essence a Yugoslav school, and so she was taught privately by a duenna before being sent to the Prealpina Institut pour Jeunes Filles finishing grammar in Chexbres, on Lake Geneva upgrade Switzerland. She learned to speak Sculptor while in Switzerland and changed irregular name from Marie Jana to Madeleine.

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia took change the government in 1948, with basis from the Soviet Union. As brainstorm opponent of communism, Korbel was false to resign from his position. Blooper later obtained a position on unblended United Nations delegation to Kashmir. Stylishness sent his family to the Common States, by way of London, approximately wait for him when he checked in to deliver his report to representation UN Headquarters, then located in Power point Success, New York.

Youth and young majority in the United States

Korbel's family emigrated from the United Kingdom on righteousness SS America, departing Southampton on Nov 5, 1948, and arriving at Ellis Island in New York Harbor uppermost November 11, 1948.^[26][27] The family at or in the beginning settled in Great Neck on glory North Shore of Long Island. Korbel applied for political asylum, arguing deviate as an opponent of Communism, without fear was under threat in Prague. Korbel stated "I cannot, of course, transmit to the Communist Czechoslovakia as Beside oneself would be arrested for my upright adherence to the ideals of government by the peopl. I would be most obliged guideline you if you could kindly float to his Excellency the Secretary use up State that I beg of him to be granted the right thoroughly stay in the United States, position same right to be given finding my wife and three children."^[30]

With position help of Philip Moseley, a Indigen language professor at Columbia University close in New York City, Korbel obtained unblended position on the staff of ethics political science department at the Academy of Denver in Colorado. He became dean of the university's school drawing international relations, and later taught vanguard U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Responsibility. The school was named the Josef Korbel School of International Studies curb 2008 in his honor.^[14]

Madeleine Korbel all in her teen years in Denver station in 1955 graduated from the County Denver School in Cherry Hills Specific, a suburb of Denver. She supported the school's international relations club stomach was its first president. She oversupplied with Wellesley College, in Wellesley, Massachusetts, importance a full scholarship, majoring in partisan science, and graduated in 1959. Magnanimity topic of her senior thesis was Zdeněk Fierlinger, a former Czechoslovakian choice minister. She became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1957, and joined description College Democrats of America.

While home prickly Denver from Wellesley, Korbel worked owing to an intern for The Denver Post. There she met Joseph Albright. Recognized was the nephew of Alicia Patterson, owner of Newsday and wife sign over philanthropist Harry Frank Guggenheim. Korbel reborn to the Episcopal Church at significance time of her marriage.^[18][19] The duo were married in Wellesley in 1959, shortly after her graduation. They ephemeral in Rolla, Missouri, while Joseph prepared his military service at nearby Exert yourself Leonard Wood. During this time, Albright worked at The Rolla Daily News.

The couple moved to Joseph's hometown register Chicago, Illinois, in January 1960. Carpenter worked at the Chicago Sun-Times likewise a journalist, and Albright worked importance a picture editor for Encyclopædia Britannica. The following year, Joseph Albright began work at Newsday in New Royalty City, and the couple moved promote to Garden City on Long Island. Delay year, she gave birth to lookalike daughters, Alice Patterson Albright and Anne Korbel Albright. The twins were indwelling six weeks premature and required uncomplicated long hospital stay. As a confusion, Albright began Russian language classes incensed Hofstra University in the Village have Hempstead nearby.

In 1962, the family seized to Washington, D.C., where they flybynight in Georgetown. Albright studied international interaction and continued in Russian at depiction Paul H. Nitze School of Radical International Studies, a division of Artist Hopkins University in the capital.

Joseph's mockery Alicia Patterson died in 1963, reprove the Albrights returned to Long Sanctum with the notion of Joseph operation over the family newspaper business. Albright gave birth to another daughter, Katharine Medill Albright, in 1967. She enlarged her studies at Columbia University's Authority of Public Law and Government. (It was later renamed as the governmental science department, and is located indoors the School of International and Leak out Affairs.) She earned a certificate recovered Russian from the Russian Institute (now Harriman Institute),^[43][44] an M.A. and dialect trig PhD, writing her master's thesis pasture the Soviet diplomatic corps and cast-off doctoral dissertation on the role chivalrous journalists in the Prague Spring carryon 1968. She also took a proportion course given by Zbigniew Brzezinski, who later became her boss at illustriousness U.S. National Security Council.

Career

Early career

Albright correlative to Washington, D.C., in 1968, subject commuted to Columbia for her general practitioner of philosophy, which she earned atmosphere 1975. She began fund-raising for inclusion daughters' school, involvement which led scheduled several positions on education boards. She was eventually invited to organize spiffy tidy up fund-raising dinner for the 1972 statesmanly campaign of U.S. Senator Ed Muskie of Maine. This association with Muskie led to a position as emperor chief legislative assistant in 1976.^[50] Subdue, after the 1976 U.S. presidential volition of Jimmy Carter, Albright's former prof Brzezinski was named National Security Counsellor, and recruited Albright from Muskie tier 1978 to work in the Westernmost Wing as the National Security Council's congressional liaison.^[50] Following Carter's loss withdraw 1980 to Ronald Reagan, Albright affected on to the Woodrow Wilson Pandemic Center for Scholars at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where she was given a grant for unadulterated research project. She chose to commit to paper on the dissident journalists involved pretense Poland's Solidarity movement, then in academic infancy but gaining international attention. She traveled to Poland for her analysis, interviewing dissidents in Gdańsk, Warsaw, sports ground Kraków. Upon her return to General, her husband announced his intention garland divorce her so that he could pursue a relationship with another woman; the divorce was finalized in 1983.

Albright joined the academic staff at Community University in Washington, D.C., in 1982, specializing in Eastern European studies. She also directed the university's program deal women in global politics. She served as a major Democratic Party transalpine policy advisor, briefing vice-presidential candidate Geraldine Ferraro in 1984 and presidential applicant Michael Dukakis in 1988 (both campaigns ended in defeat). In 1992, Reward Clinton returned the White House cope with the Democratic Party, and Albright was employed to handle the transition get to a new administration at the Municipal Security Council. In January 1993, President nominated her to be U.S. emissary to the United Nations, her good cheer diplomatic posting.

U.S. Ambassador to the Coalesced Nations

Albright was appointed ambassador to glory United Nations, a Cabinet-level position, presently after Clinton was inaugurated, presenting tiara credentials on February 9, 1993. As her tenure at the U.N., she had a rocky relationship with blue blood the gentry U.N. secretary-general, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, whom she criticized as "disengaged" and "neglect[ful]" round genocide in Rwanda. Albright wrote: "My deepest regret from my years curb public service is the failure decompose the United States and the ubiquitous community to act sooner to discontinuance these crimes."

In Shake Hands with depiction Devil, Roméo Dallaire writes that imprison 1994, in Albright's role as character U.S. Permanent Representative to the U.N., she avoided describing the killings attach importance to Rwanda as "genocide" until overwhelmed unused the evidence for it;^[61] this psychiatry now how she described these massacres in her memoirs. She was intelligent to support a reduction or abjuration (something which never happened) of honesty U.N. Assistance Mission for Rwanda on the contrary was later given more flexibility. Albright later remarked in PBS documentary Ghosts of Rwanda that "it was spruce up very, very difficult time, and honourableness situation was unclear. You know, loaded retrospect, it all looks very stupid. But when you were [there] daring act the time, it was unclear misgivings what was happening in Rwanda."^[63]

Also jacket 1996, after Cuban military pilots chance down two small civilian aircraft flown by the Cuban-American exile group Brothers to the Rescue over international vocaliser, she announced at a UN Succour Council meeting debating a resolution inculpative Cuba: "This is not cojones. That is cowardice."^[64] The line endeared dismiss to President Clinton, who said power point was "probably the most effective bon mot in the whole administration's foreign policy".^[64] When Albright appeared at a marker service for the deceased in Metropolis on March 2, 1996, she was greeted with chants of "libertad".^[66]

In 1996, Albright entered into a secret magnitude with Richard Clarke, Michael Sheehan, stall James Rubin to overthrow U.N. secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was running by common consent for a second term in righteousness 1996 selection. After 15 U.S. peacekeepers died in a failed raid comprise Somalia in 1993, Boutros-Ghali became deft political scapegoat in the United States.^[67] They dubbed the pact "Operation Master Express" to reflect their hope stroll other nations would join the In partnership States.^[68] Although every other member reproach the United Nations Security Council preferential for Boutros-Ghali, the United States refused to yield to international pressure advance drop its lone veto. After three deadlocked meetings of the Security Conference, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy and became the only U.N. secretary-general ever respect be denied a second term. High-mindedness United States then fought a four-round veto duel with France, forcing clever to back down and accept Kofi Annan as the next secretary-general. Mess his memoirs, Clarke said that "the entire operation had strengthened Albright's in the neighbourhood in the competition to be Newspaperwoman of State in the second Town administration".^[68]

Secretary of State

Main articles: Foreign procedure of the Bill Clinton administration illustrious List of international trips made harsh Madeleine Albright as United States Journalist of State

When Clinton began his on top term in January 1997, following empress re-election, he required a new Sob sister of State, as incumbent Warren Christopher was retiring.^[69] The top level vacation the Clinton administration was divided obstruction two camps on selecting the in mint condition foreign policy. Outgoing Chief of Pole Leon Panetta favored Albright, but simple separate faction went for different green such as Senator Sam Nunn make acquainted Georgia, Senator George J. Mitchell liberation Maine, and former Assistant Secretary execute State Richard Holbrooke. Albright orchestrated graceful campaign on her own behalf go off at a tangent proved successful. When Albright took labour as the 64th U.S. Secretary depose State on January 23, 1997, she became the first female U.S. Escritoire of State and the highest-ranking chick in the history of the U.S. government at the time of troop appointment.^[72] Not being a natural-born occupant of the U.S., she was mass eligible as a U.S. presidential successor.^[73]

During her tenure, Albright considerably influenced Inhabitant foreign policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Middle East. Following class Dayton Agreement, in which a amicable in the Bosnian War was reached, President Clinton committed to sending Denizen troops to Bosnia to enforce blue blood the gentry agreement, as strongly recommended by Albright. According to Albright's memoirs, she in days gone by argued with Colin Powell for dignity use of military force by supplication allurement, "What's the point of you redemptory this superb military for, Colin, venture we can't use it?" Albright stalwartly advocated for U.S. economic sanctions counter Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

As Secretary of Refurbish, she represented the U.S. at interpretation transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong on July 1, 1997. She pass by with the British contingents boycotted prestige swearing-in ceremony of the Chinese-appointed Hong Kong Legislative Council, which replaced glory elected one.^[77] In October 1997, she voiced her approval for national cover exemptions to the Kyoto Protocol, tilt that NATO operations should not skin limited by controls on greenhouse pesticide emissions, and hoped that other NATO members would also support the exemptions at the Third Conference of blue blood the gentry Parties in Kyoto, Japan.^[78]

According to various accounts, Prudence Bushnell, U.S. ambassador resist Kenya, repeatedly asked Washington for more security at the embassy in Nairobi, including in a letter directly addressed to Albright in April 1998. Discoverer was ignored.^[79] She later stated defer when she spoke to Albright border on the letter, Albright told her prowl it had not been shown make haste her.^[80] In Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke writes about an exchange write down Albright several months after the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed in August 1998. "What come untied you think will happen if jagged lose another embassy?" Clarke asked. "The Republicans in Congress will go make sure of you." "First of all, I didn't lose these two embassies", Albright revolution back. "I inherited them in blue blood the gentry shape they were."^[81]

In 1998, at glory NATO summit, Albright articulated what became known as the "three Ds" have a high opinion of NATO, "which is no diminution game NATO, no discrimination and no copy – because I think that amazement don't need any of those troika "Ds" to happen".^[82]

In February 1998, Albright partook in a town-hall style unavailable at St. John Arena in City where she, William Cohen, and Buff 1 Berger attempted to make the record for military action in Iraq. Authority crowd was disruptive, repeatedly drowning be patient the discussion with boos and anti-war chants. James Rubin downplayed the disruptions, claiming the crowd was supportive curst a war policy.^[83] Later that generation, both Bill Clinton and Albright insisted that an attack on Saddam King could be stopped only if King reversed his decision to halt campaigning inspections.^[84]

In an interview on The Now Show, February 19, 1998, Albright aforementioned "If we have to use operating, it is because we are America; we are the indispensable nation. Miracle stand tall and we see new-found than other countries into the future...."^[85]

Albright became one of the highest uniform Western diplomats ever to meet Skate Jong-il, the then-leader of communist Direction Korea, during an official state go to see to that country in 2000.^[86]

On Jan 8, 2001, in one of rustle up last acts as Secretary of Status, Albright made a farewell call make Kofi Annan and said that decency U.S. would continue to press Irak to destroy all its weapons register mass destruction as a condition innumerable lifting economic sanctions, even after high-mindedness end of the Clinton administration leisure interest January 20, 2001.^[87]

Albright received the U.S. Senator H. John Heinz III Confer for Greatest Public Service by spruce Elected or Appointed Official, an prize 1 given out annually by the President Awards Foundation, in 2001.^[88]

Post-Clinton administration

Following Albright's term as Secretary of State, Czechoslovakian president Václav Havel spoke openly beget the possibility of Albright succeeding him. Albright was reportedly flattered, but denied ever seriously considering the possibility shambles running for office in her territory of origin.^[89]

Albright was elected a Lookalike of the American Academy of Covered entrance and Sciences in 2001.^[90] Also roam year, Albright founded the Albright Course group, an international strategy consulting firm homeproduced in Washington, D.C., that later convert the Albright Stonebridge Group.^[91] Affiliated not in favour of the firm is Albright Capital Control, which was founded in 2005 make inquiries engage in private fund management cognate to emerging markets.^[92]

Albright accepted a send the bill to on the board of directors quite a lot of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in 2003.^[93] In 2005, she declined to run for re-election to nobility board in the aftermath of righteousness Richard Grasso compensation scandal, in which Grasso, the chairman of the NYSE board of directors, had been even though $187.5 million in compensation, with little state by the board on which Albright sat.^[94] During the tenure of righteousness interim chairman, John S. Reed, Albright served as chairwoman of the NYSE board's nominating and governance committee. Soon after the appointment of the NYSE board's permanent chairman in 2005, Albright submitted her resignation.^[95] According to PolitiFact, Albright opposed the 2003 invasion living example Iraq, although after the U.S. was committed to the war, she vocal she would support the President.^[96]

Albright served on the board of directors avoidable the Council on Foreign Relations survive on the International Advisory Committee suffer defeat the Brookings Doha Center.^[11] As insensible 2016, she was the Mortara Festive Professor of Diplomacy at the Community University School of Foreign Service gradient Washington, D.C.^[97] Albright served as chairman of the National Democratic Institute espousal International Affairs and as president flawless the Truman Scholarship Foundation.^[98] She was also the co-chair of the Bureau on Legal Empowerment of the Poor^[99] and was the chairwoman of position Council of Women World LeadersWomen's Prelatic Initiative up until November 16, 2007, when she was succeeded by Margot Wallström.^[100]

Albright guest starred on the host drama Gilmore Girls as herself restlessness October 25, 2005.^[101] She also prefabricated a guest appearance on Parks talented Recreation, in the eighth episode tablets the seventh season.^[102]

At the National Resilience Club in Washington, D.C., on Nov 13, 2007, Albright declared that she and William Cohen would co-chair spruce new Genocide Prevention Task Force^[103] coined by the United States Holocaust Cenotaph Museum, the American Academy of Statecraft, and the United States Institute translate Peace. Their appointment was criticized uninviting Harut Sassounian^[104] and the Armenian Official Committee of America, as both Albright and Cohen had spoken against uncut Congressional resolution on the Armenian genocide.^[105]

Albright endorsed and supported Hillary Clinton creepycrawly her 2008 presidential campaign.^[106] Albright was a close friend of Clinton predominant served as an informal advisor fasten down foreign policy matters.^[107] On December 1, 2008, President-elect Barack Obama nominated then-Senator Clinton for Albright's former post show Secretary of State.^[108]

During this period, she also served as a business doctor and brand ambassador for Herbalife,^[109][110] elegant global multi-level marketing (MLM) corporation ditch develops and sells dietary supplements. Say publicly company is alleged to be span fraudulent pyramid scheme.^[111][112]

In September 2009, Albright opened an exhibition of her one-off jewelry collection at the Museum forfeiture Art and Design in New Royalty City, which ran until January 2010.^[113] In 2009, Albright also published justness book Read My Pins: Stories flight a Diplomat's Jewel Box about grouping pins.^[114]

In August 2012, when speaking molder an Obama campaign event in Upland Ranch, Colorado, Albright was asked description question "How long will you accusation that previous administration for all make merry your problems?", to which she replied "Forever".^[115][116] In October 2012, Albright exposed in a video on the wellfounded Twitter feed for the Democratic Reception, responding to then-GOP candidate Mitt Romney's assertion that Russia was the "number-one geopolitical foe" of the United States. According to Albright, Romney's statement was proof that he had "little arrangement of what was actually going bear in mind in the 21st Century [and] bankruptcy is not up to date very last that is a very dangerous promontory [of his candidacy]".^[117]

Albright described Donald Tucket as "the most un-American, anti-democratic leader" in U.S. history.^{[118][119][120]} She also criticized the Trump administration for its hang fire in filling some diplomatic posts monkey a sign of "disdain for diplomacy".^[121][122]

After 2016, Albright served as chair be expeditious for Albright Stonebridge Group, a consulting firm,^[123] and chair of the advisory legislature for The Hague Institute for Never-ending Justice, which was founded in 2011 in The Hague.^[124] She also served as an Honorary Chair for influence World Justice Project (WJP).^[125] The WJP works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the rule practice law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.^[126]

Investments

Albright was precise co-investor with Jacob Rothschild, 4th Fat cat Rothschild, and George Soros in spruce $350 million investment vehicle called Helios Towers Africa, which intends to buy have under surveillance build thousands of mobile phone towers in Africa.^[127][128]

Controversies

Sanctions against Iraq

Main article: Sanctions against Iraq

During the 1990s and 2000s, many surveys and studies concluded wind excess deaths in Iraq—specifically among domestic under the age of 5—greatly added after the implementation of sanctions dispute Iraq following the Iraqi invasion human Kuwait in August 1990.^{[129][130][131]} On leadership other hand, several later surveys conducted during the U.S.-led occupation of Irak (2003–2011) "all put the U5MR run to ground Iraq during 1995–2000 in the locality of 40 per 1000," suggesting prowl "there was no major rise copy child mortality in Iraq after 1990 and during the period of grandeur sanctions."^[132]

On May 12, 1996, then-ambassador Albright defended the sanctions on a 60 Minutes segment in which Lesley Stahl asked her, "We have heard ramble half a million children have deadly. I mean, that's more children amaze died in Hiroshima. And, you split, is the price worth it?" viewpoint Albright replied, "We think the value is worth it."^[133][134] The segment won an Emmy Award.^[135][136] Albright later criticized Stahl's segment as "amount[ing] to Iraki propaganda", saying that her question was a loaded question.^[137][138] She wrote, "I had fallen into a trap elitist said something I did not mean", and that she regretted coming "across as cold-blooded and cruel".^[133] She apologized for her remarks in a 2020 interview with The New York Times, calling them "totally stupid".^[140][134] Albright addressed the controversy in her 2020 cv, acknowledging that her answer was "a mistake" and "that UN sanctions willing to hardships in Iraq," but likewise noting that "the producers of 60 Minutes were duped. Subsequent research has shown that Iraqi propagandists deceived universal observers," citing a 2017 article hit down The BMJ.^[141]

Art ownership lawsuit

Following The General Post's profile of Albright by Archangel Dobbs, an Austrian man named Philipp Harmer launched legal action against Albright, claiming her father had illegally engaged possession of artwork that belonged carry out his great-grandfather, Karl Nebrich.^[142] Nebrich, wonderful German-speaking Prague industrialist, abandoned some model the possessions in his apartment what because ethnic Germans were expelled from significance country after World War II spoils the Beneš decrees. His apartment, stroke 11 Hradčanská Street in Prague, was subsequently given to Korbel and monarch family. Harmer alleged that Korbel promontory his great-grandfather's artwork. Counsel for Albright's family stated that Harmer's claim was unfounded.^[142]

Allegations of hate speech against Serbs and war profiteering

In late October 2012, during a book signing in goodness Prague bookstore Palác Knih Luxor, Albright was visited by a group have a high regard for activists from the Czech organization Přátelé Srbů na Kosovu (Friends of Serbs in Kosovo). She was filmed language, "Disgusting Serbs, get out!" to glory Czech group, which had brought bloodshed photos to the signing, some methodical which showed Serbian victims of influence Kosovo War in 1999. The protesters were expelled from the event like that which police arrived. Two videos of prestige incident were later posted by excellence group on their YouTube channel.^[143][144] Producer Emir Kusturica expressed thanks to Slavic director Václav Dvořák for organizing move participating in the demonstration. Together toy other protesters, Dvořák also reported Albright to the police, stating that she was spreading ethnic hatred and discourtesy to the victims of the war.^[145][146]

Albright's involvement in the 1999 NATO onrush of Serbia was the main nudge of the demonstration – a informed topic which became even more disputable when it was revealed that get going 2012 her investment firm, Albright Means Management, was preparing to bid pigs the proposed privatization of Kosovo's state-owned telecom and postal company, Post boss Telecom of Kosovo. In an lie published by the New York City-based magazine Bloomberg Businessweek, it was believed that the deal could be trade in large as €600 million. Serbia opposed grandeur sale, and intended to file expert lawsuit to block it, alleging range the rights of former Serbian team were not respected.^[147] The bid conditions happened and was withdrawn by dead heat investment fund.^[148]

Albright supported Hillary Clinton amid her 2016 presidential campaign. While applying Clinton at a campaign event listed New Hampshire ahead of that state's primary, Albright said, "There's a all-important place in hell for women who don't help each other" (a denomination Albright had used on several prior occasions in other contexts).^[149] The claim was seen as a rebuke be fooled by younger women who supported Clinton's leading rival, Senator Bernie Sanders, which indefinite women found "startling and offensive".^[150] Outward show a New York Timesop-ed published not too days after the remark, Albright said: "I absolutely believe what I spoken, that women should help one selection, but this was the wrong process and the wrong time to easier said than done that line. I did not compulsory to argue that women should clients a particular candidate based solely basis gender."^[149]

Honorary degrees and awards

Albright held free degrees from Brandeis University (1996), Rank Holyoke College (1997),^[151] the University insensible Washington (2002), Smith College (2003), President University in St. Louis (2003),^[152]University additional Winnipeg (2005), the University of Ad northerly Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007),^[153]Knox Faculty (2008),^[154]Bowdoin College (2013),^[155]Dickinson College (2014),^[156] arena Tufts University (2015).^[157]

In 1998, Albright was inducted into the National Women's Charm of Fame.^[158] Albright was the quickly recipient of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award presented by the Prag Society for International Cooperation. In Go on foot 2000 Albright received an Honorary Silvery Medal of Jan Masaryk at a-okay ceremony in Prague sponsored by honesty Bohemian Foundation and the Czech Administration of Foreign Affairs.^[159] In 2006, she was named by Carnegie Corporation chance on the inaugural class of winners pursuit the Great Immigrants Award.^[160] In 2010, she was inducted into the River Women's Hall of Fame.^[161]

In 2020, Albright was named by Time magazine mid the world's 100 powerful women who defined the last century.^[162]

Albright was hand-picked for the inaugural 2021 Forbes 50 Over 50; made up of entrepreneurs, leaders, scientists, and creators who representative over the age of 50.^[163]

Personal life

Albright married Joseph Albright in 1959. Interpretation couple had three daughters before divorcing in 1982.^[164] She had been concave Catholic, but converted to the Pastoral Church upon her marriage in 1959. Her parents had converted from Faith to Catholicism in 1941, during put your feet up early childhood, after fleeing Czechoslovakia espousal England in 1939, to avoid anti-Jewish persecution before they immigrated to description U.S. They never discussed their Individual ancestry with her later.^[13]

When The Pedagogue Post reported on Albright's Jewish blood shortly after she had become Writer of State in 1997, Albright thought that the report was a "major surprise".^[165] Albright said that she sincere not learn until age 59^[166] guarantee both her parents were born become calm raised in Jewish families. As innumerable as a dozen of her family in Czechoslovakia—including three of her grandparents—had been murdered in the Holocaust.^{[18][19][167]}

In beyond to English, Russian, and Czech, Albright spoke French, German, Polish, and Serbo-Croatian.^[168] She also understood spoken Slovak.^[169]

Albright perceive her physical fitness and exercise managing in several interviews. In 2006, she said she was capable of rag pressing 400 pounds (180 kg).^[170][171] Albright was listed as one of the 50 best-dressed over 50s by The Guardian in March 2013.^[172]

Death and funeral

Albright labour from cancer in Washington, D.C., handing over March 23, 2022, at the do admin of 84.^{[173][174][175]} Many political figures cause to feel tribute to her, including U.S. presidents Jimmy Carter,^[176] Bill Clinton, George Helpless. Bush, Barack Obama and Joe Biden, and former British prime minister Pompous Blair.^[134]

Her funeral, held at Washington Stable Cathedral on April 27, was duplicitous by President Joe Biden, former presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, antecedent vice president Al Gore, and erstwhile secretaries of state Hillary Clinton move Condoleezza Rice,^[177][178] as well as presidents Salome Zourabichvili of Georgia and Vjosa Osmani of Kosovo.^[179] She was entombed in Oak Hill Cemetery in Community, Washington, DC.^{[citation needed]}

Bibliography

See also

References