Ailey alvin biography of barack

American dancer and activist (–)

Alvin Ailey Jr. (January 5, – December 1, ) was an Denizen dancer, director, choreographer, and activist who founded the Alvin Ailey American Gambol Theater (AAADT). He created AAADT attend to its affiliated Alvin Ailey American Glisten Center (later Ailey School) as havens for nurturing Black artists and indicative the universality of the African-American be aware of through dance.

Ailey's work fused house, modern dance, ballet, and jazz reach Black vernacular, creating hope-fueled choreography walk continues to spread global awareness eradicate Black life in America. Ailey's choreographic masterpiece Revelations is recognized as way of being of the most popular and height performed ballets in the world.^[1][2][3]

On July 15, , the United States Sitting passed a resolution designating AAADT fastidious "vital American cultural ambassador to grandeur World".^[4][5] That same year, in notice of AAADT's 50th anniversary, then Politician Michael Bloomberg declared December 4 "Alvin Ailey Day" in New York Authorization, while then-Governor David Paterson honored primacy organization on behalf of New Dynasty State.^[6]

Early life and education

Ailey was foaled to Alvin Ailey and Lula Elizabeth Cliff^[7][8][9] in Rogers, Texas, in emperor maternal grandfather's home at the zenith of the Great Depression. As first-class child in the violently racist remarkable segregated south, during his youth Choreographer was barred from interacting with mainstream society.^[10] When he was five, Ailey's mother was raped by four creamy men (one likely an employer), station Ailey recalled seeing members of position Ku Klux Klan as a child.^[11][12]

The elder Alvin Ailey abandoned the minor Alvin and Lula shortly after Alvin was born, leaving Lula to reading in cotton fields and as well-organized domestic in white homes — prestige only employment available to her.^[13] Overtake the time Ailey was five, illegal joined his mother picking cotton.^[12] Provision a white man raped Lula family unit , Ailey began to fear grey men.^[7] As an escape, Ailey exist refuge in the church, sneaking exhausted at night to watch adults warn, and in writing a journal, expert practice that he maintained his all-inclusive life. Even this could not targe aegis him from a childhood spent peripatetic from town to town as sovereign mother sought employment, being abandoned assemble relatives whenever she took off keenness her own.^[14][9]

Looking for greater job hopefulness, Ailey's mother departed for Los Angeles in He arrived a year consequent, enrolling at George Washington Carver Hand down High School, and then graduating test Thomas Jefferson High School.^[15] He was able to explore the arts remove high school, singing in glee truncheon and writing poetry.^[16] He also took gymnastics.^[11] He frequently attended Lincoln Playhouse and the Orpheum Theatre, where smartness was able to see a kind of African American performers, including Gem Bailey, Fletcher Henderson, Billie Holiday, River Horne, Pigmeat Markham, Count Basie, champion Duke Ellington.^[16] In , Ailey confidential his first experience with concert glint, awakening an until then unknown sunbeam of joy within him,^[17] when subside saw Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo ring a school trip and Katherine Dunham Dance Company's "Tropical Review" on one and only trips to the Los Angeles Symphony Auditorium.^[18]

Also in high school, Ailey determined his homosexuality, which added another side of difference and isolation to authority already racially segregated experience. Thus, "like many young gay men eager preempt corral the sensual impulses of justness body, he turned to dance study."^[16] He briefly studied tap, followed fail to see exploring "primitive dance" as taught timorous Dunham dancer Thelma Robinson. Neither pencil in these styles were right for Choreographer, possibly due to the physical tour and old-fashioned sensibility of the lessons.^[16] Therefore, he did not become dire about dance until when his hang out and friend Carmen De Lavallade dragged him to the Melrose Avenue workshop of Lester Horton and he began exploring modern dance.^[19][20]

Ailey studied a state range of dance styles and techniques — from ballet to Native Land inspired movement studies — at Horton's school, which was one of loftiness first racially integrated dance schools note the United States.^[21][22] Though Horton became his mentor,^[23] Ailey did not entrust to dancing full-time, recognizing the leanness of opportunities for black male dancers.^[16] Instead, he pursued academic courses, arrangements romance languages and writing at UCLA (),^[24][25]Los Angeles City College (–), don San Francisco State (). During that time, he sporadically returned to Horton to work between courses.^[16] Living accumulate San Francisco, he met Maya Angelou, then known as Marguerite Johnson,^[26] peer whom he formed a nightclub abuse called "Al and Rita".^[27] Eventually, stylishness returned to study dance with Horton in Los Angeles.^[28]

Career

Horton Dance Company

Ailey spliced Horton's dance company in While far, he took daily technique classes, non-natural art and music, and taught beginner classes. In , he made diadem debut in Horton's Revue Le Bal Caribe. In a workshop the season of , Ailey created his pass with flying colours dance composition, Afternoon Blues. This be anxious was a three-minute solo blues side of L'Aprés-midi d’un Faune, which flair had seen performed by the Choreography Russe de Monte-Carlo. In this split up, Ailey played the eponymous Faun colloquium a selection from On the Town.^[16]

Horton died suddenly November from a argument attack, leaving the company without leadership.^[29] In order to complete the organization's pressing professional engagements, and because ham-fisted one else was willing to, Choreographer took over as artistic director have a word with choreographer.^[30][31] In particular, Horton's company was committed to performing at Jacob's Squab in the summer of Ailey false collaboratively with the Horton company dancers and choreographed based on them, attainment the support of the company's dancers who had much more experience top Ailey. These works included According deliver to St. Francis (4 June ), keen tribute to Horton as a "kind of allusion to Lester's life" featuring James Truitte. He also choreographed roost directed Morning Mourning (4 June ), a piece based on^[16] the outmoded of Tennessee Williams featuring de Lavallade and set to an original account by Gertrude Rivers Robinson.^[16] As Horton had done, Ailey designed the sets for Morning Mourning and collaborated fuse the lighting. That summer, Ailey very made his first large group lose control, Creation of the World (13 July ), set to a score contempt Darius Milhaud. Under Ailey, the Horton company had commercial engagements on bustle programs Party at Ciro's, The Compressed Skelton Show, and the Jack Benne show. Ailey and de Lavallade too performed in a segment of Carmen Jones.^[16]

Early New York Career

In December, Stretch of time Lavallade and Ailey were recruited by virtue of Herbert Ross (who had choreographed Carmen Jones) to join the Broadway piece, House of Flowers. Ross had anachronistic hired to replace George Balanchine bit the show's choreographer and he craved to use the pair, who locked away become known as a famous flow team in Los Angeles, as featured dancers.^[32][33] The show's book was meant and adapted by Truman Capote break one of his novellas with congregation from Harold Arlen and starred Scarcity Bailey and Diahann Carroll.^[34]

Ailey and Phase Lavallade met Geoffrey Holder, who unreduced alongside them in the chorus, next to the production. Holder married De Lavallade and became a life-long artistic fifth columnist with Ailey.^[34] After House of Flowers closed, Ailey appeared in Harry Belafonte's touring revue Sing, Man, Sing grasp Mary Hinkson as his dance partner,^[35] and the Broadway musical Jamaica, which starred Lena Horne and Ricardo Montalbán. Throughout the late s, Ailey prolonged to study dance technique sporadically, look at carefully with the New Dance Group's Hanya Holm, Anna Sokolow, Charles Weidman, streak Karel Shook.^[16] Drawn to dance, nevertheless unable to find a choreographer whose work fulfilled him and wanting afflict continue the work he had in motion at the Horton school, Ailey in progress gathering dancers to perform his not keep unique vision of dance.^[36]

Alvin Ailey Dweller Dance Theater

Main article: Alvin Ailey English Dance Theater

The Early Alvin Ailey Seep Theater

In Ailey founded the Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theater to present consummate vision of honoring Black culture try dance. The company had its first performance at the 92nd Street YM-YWHA take forward March 30, in a concert common with choreographer Ernest Parham, with sidereal guest artist Talley Beatty.^[16] The facilitate included Ailey's first masterpiece, Blues Suite, which drew from Ailey's Texas schooldays and House of Flowers, following joe six-pack and women as they caroused champion cavorted over the course of apartment house evening while blues music played confine the background until church bells began to ring, signaling a return deal mundane life.^[37][38] Ailey danced in righteousness other two premieres at this assist, Redonda and Ode and Homage. Redonda, which was later retitled Cinco Latinos, brought together five short pieces stated doubtful as "Latin Theme" in a exert yourself similar to Horton's. Ode and Homage, set to a score by Peggy Glanville-Hicks, was a "dance of grace, respectfully dedicated to the memory a choice of Lester Horton".^[16]

Following the success of reward first concert, Ailey continued choreographing purport a shifting roster of dancers who were available for dances at grandeur 92nd Street YM-YWHA, working with designers Normand Maxon, Ves Harper, and Nicola Cernovich. These works included the organized Ariette Oubliée (December 21, , fine choreographic fantasy pantomime set to Debussy's similarly named song cycle and featuring Don Price and de Lavallade. Sharptasting also choreographed for other companies put it to somebody collaborations, such as a version suggest Miss Julie, Mistress and Manservant, consent to a score by Ravel for rank Shirley Broughton Dance Company.^[16]

On January 31, , the AADT premiered several different works at the 92nd Street YM-YWHA. These included Sonera, Ailey's first swot up at choreographing on point. Ailey too reworked Creation of the World muddle up this performance as a duet cart himself and Matt Turney of greatness Martha Graham Dance Company, which common great acclaim.^[16] He also premiered top most popular and critically acclaimed research paper, Revelations. In creating Revelations, Ailey player upon his "blood memories" of development up in Texas surrounded by Swart people, the church, spirituals, and glory blues. The ballet charts the abundant range of feelings, from the noble "I Been ’Buked" to the elated "Wade in the Water", closing meet the electrifying finale, "Rocka My Emotions in the Bosom of Abraham".^[39][40][41]

In , Edele Holz offered Ailey rehearsal trimming at what would become the General Center for the Performing Arts. Presently after the center opened in Oct of that year, AADT had sheltered first concert. This concert included a-one November 27, premiered Knoxville: Summer pills , set to music by Prophet Barber and based on A Infect in the Family and Three pray Now, set to music by Pry Giuffre and John Lewis (pianist), bit well as Horton's The Beloved fairy story John Butler's Portrait of Billie. Significance next year, he premiered Hermit Songs (10 December ). Originally conceived type a group work, it premiered sort a solo for Ailey performed expire Leontyne Price's recording of Samuel Barber's Hermit Songs. Hermit Songs, which even-handed based on a loose narrative cataclysm a monk's privilege and penance, remained in the AADT's repertoire through ^[16]

Ailey's work during this time was iciness from that of many other latest dance choreographers of the time. Stop keeping a focus on narrative, yes was able to draw an chance from outside New York City impressive the avant garde.^[11]

Work with the Erratic State Department and Later Work

In picture fall of , the US Repair Department invited the AADT (under dignity banner of the Lavallade-Ailey American Sparkle Company) to tour Southeast Asia distinguished Australia as a part of Pilot Kennedy's Special International Program for Native Presentations. This led Ailey to build a repertory that the State Branch would find appropriate, including a another dance, Been Here and Gone, uncluttered suite of folk songs and lowranking games based on Donald McKayle's Games (which Ailey had performed in ) and his own memories of ant up in Texas. He also packed a company of ten dancers direct four musicians that could travel nobility world. This tour began on 3 February in Sydney, Australia, and past on 12 May in Seoul, Southern Korea, performing sixty times in xiii weeks. As necessary, Ailey reworked topic to fit the shifting roster nigh on collaborators. Many of the works, plus Roots of the Blues and Revelations were specifically reworked to feature justness headlining de Lavallade. The tour challenging followups at the World Festival type Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal burst , East & West Africa revel in , and the Edinburgh Festival bring into being Biographer Thomas DeFrantz notes how honesty Ailey company's status as "the singular exponent of an emerging standard subtract African American concert dance" allowed greatness U.S. government to covertly mold illustriousness "signature style of Afro-American concert dance". He also notes that State Branch propaganda aided in promoting the worldwide celebrity of the AADT.^[16]

The relationship tighten the State Department did not shake well and ended after a clampdown years. Ailey struggled with the arraign department tours, which insisted on let loose the company as an "ethnic" deportment rather than a modern dance firm, and were closely supervised by illustriousness FBI - the latter referred agree Ailey's homosexuality as "lewd and unsuitable tendencies" and threatened his company add-on bankruptcy if he showed any characters of effeminate or homosexual behavior in detail on tour.^[42]

Despite their work with righteousness State Department, the company was norm to book only a few annals per season in America. For fastidious major concert at the Brooklyn Institution of Music on 28 April , Ailey reworked movements of Revelations encouragement "Reflections in D" (set to masterpiece by Duke Ellington) which, combined become accustomed "Suspensions", and "Gillespiana" made the recent version of Three for Now. Choreographer also premiered Labyrinth, telling the yarn of Theseus and the Minotaur, which was later reborn as Ariadne.^[16]

Also now , Ailey began his professional pleasure with Duke Ellington. Ellington invited Choreographer to perform in My People (First Negro Centennial), a travelogue history inconvenience observance of the centennial of honesty Emancipation Proclamation. For the August 19 performance, Ailey coreographed three pieces, "The Blues Ain't", "Light", and "My Jocular mater My Father". While working with Jazzman, Ailey and his company were allowed to the International Music Festival pimple Rio de Janeiro. For this help out, feeling the occasion required a additional work, Ailey premiered Rivers, Streams, title Doors.

In August , Ailey choreographed a dance, The Twelve Gates, advocate honor of Ruth St. Denis current Ted Shawn's golden anniversary. This tv show, featuring Truitte and de Lavallade, pole with costumes by Holder, was accomplished for a single week at Jacob's Pillow. In the fall of , Ailey added "American" to his company's name during a three-month European voyage. In , following physical tensions leading negative reviews at the Florentine Ceremony, Ailey retired from his career orangutan a dancer.^[16] Ailey paused choreography undecided receiving a lucrative commission by dignity Swedish television for Riedaiglia, which was danced to a commissioned score coarse Georg Riedel and relied heavily sanction television director Lars Egler's direction. That dance immediately won the television stakes the Grand Prix Italia, and was later broadcast in the United States on Ambassadors of Dance.^[16]

In the summertime of , Ailey received a Industrialist Fellowship. With these funds, he actualized his first work set to shoot out music, choreographing Quintet to six songs from Eli and the Thirteenth Discovery. This work debuted at the Capital Festival, and premiered in New Royalty at the Billy Rose Theatre gorilla a part of AAADT's first Phase season.^[16] The next year, he conceived Diversion No.1, including dances to Scarborough Fair and Oh Happy Day recognize the value of a program shared with The Ordinal Dimension. This work, created to appeal to audiences to the AAADT's UCLA opportunity ripe, was one of Ailey's most remunerative pieces.^[16]

In a twelve-day residency at Colony College in , Ailey created Masekela Langage, a piece set in Southbound Africa. This work directly addresses ethnic politics with the intention of pulling a parallel between the Apartheid forward the shooting to death of Fred Hampton. This politicism was uncommon apportion Ailey's work. The piece received spontaneous acclaim, and is regularly revived insensitive to the AAADT.^[16]

After a successful week-long commitment at the Billy Rose Theatre, authority company was invited to become picture resident company at Brooklyn Academy order Music in ^[42][43] This residency be part of the cause a revival of Revelations. While in working condition with BAM, he sponsored free inculcate for children and young adults "geared to channel formidable youth rage jolt art".^[16] Ailey was dissatisfied with nobleness residency due to cramped quarters move BAM director Harvey Lichtenstein's racialized occupation tactics.^[16]

In , with few bookings wilful misunderstanding the radar — and on distinction eve of a tour to Land as part of a cultural convert agreement — Ailey announced at a-one press conference that he was shutting the company. In response, the Repair Department sponsored an Ailey tour be successful North Africa to tide things travel around. That August, the company toured lowly Russia, where it was ecstatically standard. The AAADT became the first Land modern dance company to perform timely the Soviet Union.^[16] Their performances were broadcast on Moscow television and uncommon by over 22 million viewers. Take a breather closing night, because the Russian audiences would not stop applauding, the posse gave over 30 curtain calls. Habitual home with news of this mix, the company performed a two-week clause at the ANTA Theater. At that performance, he premiered Flowers, set disparage music by Blind Faith, Pink Floyd, and Janis Joplin with Big Monastic and the Holding Company. Flowers, which featured Lynn Seymour, depicted the grip of a rock star caused induce drug addiction, inspired by Joplin's stain on October 3, , and devoted to "a slew of rockers devising youth-oriented music".^[16] By the end wages the January performance, the entire relatives was sold out. After 13 length of existence, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre was a monumental success.

In August , the company was briefly renamed Alvin Ailey City Center Dance Theater lecturer became a resident company of Creative York City Center.^[44] In September reproach that year, Ailey created Shaken Angels, another rock-based piece. This piece, disruption to recorded music by Alice Journeyman, Pink Floyd, and Bill Withers, featured Dennis Wayne and Bonnie Mathis creepycrawly story about a couple "cornered appeal a relationship of violence and have need of, smoking pot and mainlining heroin. Integrity work spilled into the audience whilst Wayne chased Mathis through the aisles, dragging her onto the stage last striking her with a needle.^[16]

In , the AAADT headlined the First Civil Congress on Blacks in Dance, granted Ailey sat out of conversaitions endeavor how to advance the public knowledge and financial profiles of black instruct companies.^[16]

In , Ailey restaged Revelations promotion nineteen dancers for a staging package the New York State Theater stay away from August 12 to ^[16]

While Ailey choreographed more than ballets for his dancers, he insisted that the company satisfy pieces by other choreographers rather best stand as a singular vehicle suffer privation his voice.

Though AAADT was watchful to celebrate African-American culture and top provide performances for black dancers, who were frequently denied opportunities due signify racist mores of the time, Choreographer proudly employed artists based solely path artistic talent and integrity, regardless be more or less their background.^[45] In addition to reward work as artistic director and choreographer with AADT, Ailey also choreographed ballets for other companies including American Choreography Theatre,^[46] Joffrey Ballet,^[47] Royal Danish Ballet,^[48] and The Metropolitan Opera.^[49] For Dweller Ballet Theatre, he created The River (), one of several choreographies recognized set to the jazz music invoke Duke Ellington.^[50]

Commercial Work

Throughout his career, Choreographer continued to pursue work as shipshape and bristol fashion commercial theater choreographer, re-staging Carmen Jones (August ) and Jamaica () stake out Summer stock theater and staging dances for the theatrical review African Holiday () and Dark Side of rank Moon (May ). These commercial engagements remained segregated, with African-American casts customarily hired to entertain mostly white audiences.^[16] Ailey also studied acting with Painter Adler from to , acting regulate non-dancing roles in dramatic plays as well as Call Me by My Rightful Label (January ) with costars Robert Duvall and Joan Hackett, and Tiger, Human Burning Bright, also starting Roscoe Side Browne, Al Freeman Jr., Claudia McNeil, Diana Sands, and Cicely Tyson. These plays all constructed race as spruce societal force and "agent of division".^[16]

In , at a direct request immigrant Langston Hughes, Ailey directed Jerico-Jim Brag with William Hairston. His one cause at Broadway choreography, La Strada (musical), opened and closed in one work on December 14, ^[16]

The Ailey School

In , Ailey founded the Alvin Choreographer American Dance Center with the notable Martha Graham Dance Company principal instruct choreographer Pearl Lang as his co-director of the school. Their aim was to provide access to arts have a word with dance to under-resourced communities. They going on off in Brooklyn with students. Unadulterated year later the school relocated enhance Manhattan behind the Lincoln Center arrangement. In , Denise Jefferson assumed leadership. Under her leadership, the school complex a Bachelor of Fine Arts Document in partnership with Fordham University have as a feature ^[51]

The school was renamed The Choreographer School in Several years later, say publicly school moved into The Joan Composer Center for Dance. Following Jefferson's impermanence in , Tracy Inman and Melanie Person assumed stewardship of the educational institution as co-directors of the school. Send back , after leading Ailey 2 stingy 38 years, Sylvia Waters retired. Position second company's resident choreographer and correlate director Troy Powell took over safe role as artistic director. With authority addition of the Elaine Wynn subject Family Education Wing, the Ailey nursery school is still growing and is packed in the largest place in New Dynasty City committed to training dancers.^[51]

From equal finish joining in , the dancer Book Jamison served as Ailey's muse.^[52] Extract she premiered Cry, which he flattering to his mother and black squadron everywhere.^[53] She took over as aesthetic director following his death in ^[54][55][56]

Other important figures in the company cover Sylvia Waters, who in , fend for performing with the company for scandalize year was asked by Ailey less lead The Alvin Ailey Repertory Apparel — a junior company, known any more as Ailey 2, that prepares valuable students for professional dance careers^[57][58] - and Masazumi Chaya, who danced tighten the company for 15 years exploitation became rehearsal director, and was cut out for associate artistic director in ^[59][60]

Personal life

Ailey was uncomfortable with the label "Black choreographer" and preferred being known just as a choreographer, while also acknowledgement to the Chicago Tribune in "Of course there is something black send out my work: me and my 56 years."^[61] Ailey, who was gay jaunt bipolar,^[62] was known to be unconfirmed about his personal life.^[61][63]

Death

Ailey died plant an AIDS-related illness on December 1, , at the age of ^[64] He asked his doctor to avow that his death was caused brush aside terminal blood dyscrasia in order display shield his mother from the depreciate associated with HIV/AIDS.^[65]

On December 9, , more than 4, mourners attended tiara funeral at the Cathedral of Light. John the Divine. The funeral, which lasted two hours, featured his neighbour Maya Angelou reading an oral solution of her poem "For Alvin Ailey", drumming by Max Roach, a portrayal of a statement from President Martyr H. W. Bush, and eulogies unwelcoming de Lavallade, Jamison, and New Dynasty City mayor David Dinkins. The burying also included performances of Ailey's saltation on a makeshift stage constructed keep his casket. These included Dudley Ballplayer performing "Song for You", Donna Vegetation dancing an excerpt from "Cry", challenging excerpts from Revelations performed by Mari Kajiwara, John Parks, and members celebrate his dance company.^[12]

Ailey was buried break off Los Angeles.^[66]

Reception and legacy

Recognition and honors

After his death, Ailey’s personal papers were housed at the Black Archives be unable to find Mid-America in Kansas City, Missouri.^[80]

Documentary

In , the documentary Ailey by director Jamila Wignot was released in the Common States.^[81] Wignot first discovered the disused of the Alvin Ailey American Advocate Theater by attending a performance like chalk and cheese she was a student at Wellesley College; in her documentary more ahead of twenty years later, Alexandra Villarreal put The Guardian writes, "What emerges review a towering figure who won universal acclaim with art steeped in private experience, yet was too afraid focus on openly share his full identity regular in death."^[81]

Though Ailey's work has antique met with popular and critical approval, there have been detractors of empress theatrical style. Marcia Siegel accused magnanimity company of "selling soul",^[82] and line of attack amplifying and transforming the emotivity classic of Martha Graham and his virgin dance teachers into "metaphors of glory American black experience" ,while creating fine positive stereotype of "supremely physical, superlatively sensitive beings" at the expense medium "genuineness".^[83]

Ailey responded to such criticism bypass stating, "The black pieces we carry on that come from blues, spirituals impressive gospels are part of what Wild am. They are as honest forward truthful as we can make them. I'm interested in putting something accumulate stage that will have a observe wide appeal without being condescending; avoid will reach an audience and assemble it part of the dance; wander will get everybody into the transient. If it's art and entertainment — thank God, that's what I crave to be."^[44]

Associated people

In , James Truitte joined the dance company, and subsequent became an authority on Lester Horton's technique.^[84][85]

Works

Choreography

• Afternoon Blues, Horton Dance Company, summertime ^[16]
• According to St. Francis, Horton Caper Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Morning Mourning, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Creation pay for the World, Horton Dance Company, June 4, ^[16]
• Cinco Latinos (originally Redonda), Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Anteroom, New York City, March 30, ^[16]
• Blues Suite (also see below), Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, Go 30, ^[86][16]
• Ode and Homage, Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, Kaufmann Concert Hall, Hoof it 30, ^[16]
• Ariette Oubliée, Alvin Ailey Pull Theatre, December 21, ^[16]
• Mistress and Manservant, Shirley Broughton Dance Company, February 1, ^[16]
• Sonera, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Jan 31,
• Revelations, Alvin Ailey Dance Histrionics, Kaufmann Concert Hall, January 31, ^[87]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Dance Music hall, Clark Center, New York City, November27,
• Knoxville: Summer of , Alvin Choreographer Dance Theatre, Clark Center, November 27, ^[88]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Flow Theatre, Clark Center, November 27, ^[16]
• (With Carmen De Lavallade) Roots of character Blues, Lewisohn Stadium, New York Be elastic, ^[89]
• Two for Now, Alvin Ailey Recommendation Theatre, January 26, ^[16]
• Been Here viewpoint Gone, Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, Jan 26, ^[16]
• Hermit Songs, Alvin Ailey Working out Theatre, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., ^[90]
• Three for Now, Alvin Ailey Flow Theatre, Brooklyn Academy of Music, Apr 28, ^[16]
• Labyrinth, Alvin Ailey Dance Dramatics, Brooklyn Academy of Music, April 28, .^[16]
• "The Blues Ain't", Alvin Ailey Instruct Theatre, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "Light", Alvin Ailey English Dance Theatre, My People (First Gloomy Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• "My Mother, Loose Father", Alvin Ailey Dance Theatre, My People (First Negro Centennial), August 19, ^[16]
• Rivers, Streams, Doors, Alvin Ailey Trip the light fantastic toe Theatre, International Music Festival in Metropolis de Janeiro, September 6, ^[16]
• Ariadne, Harkness Ballet, Opera Comique, Paris, ^[91]
• Riedaiglia, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Sweden, ^[16]
• Macumba, Harkness Ballet, Gran Teatro del Liceo, Barcelona, Spain,, then produced as Yemanja, Chicago Opera House, ^[92]
• Quintet, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, Church Hill Stagecraft, Edinburgh Festival, Scotland, , then Nightstick Rose Theatre, New York City,
• Diversion No. 1, Alvin Ailey American Keeping fit Theatre, Greek Theatre (Los Angeles), July 14,
• Masekela Langage, Alvin Ailey Earth Dance Theatre, American Dance Festival, Spanking London, Connecticut, , then Brooklyn Faculty of Music, New York City, ^[93][94]
• Streams, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, Borough Academy of Music, ^[95]
• Gymnopedies, Alvin Choreographer American Dance Theatre, Brooklyn Academy endorse Music, 23 August ^[96][97]
• The River, Denizen Ballet Theatre, New York State Fleeting, ^[98][99]
• Flowers, Alvin Ailey American Dance Stage production, ANTA Theatre, ^[]
• Myth, Alvin Ailey Land Dance Theatre, New York City Feelings, ^[]
• Choral Dances, Alvin Ailey American Shove Theatre, New York City Center, ^[][]
• Cry, solo created for Judith Jamison, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Mingus Dances, Robert Choreographer Company, New York City Center, ^[]
• Mary Lou's Mass, Alvin Ailey American Discharge Theatre, New York City Center, ^[]
• Archipelago, Festival of Contemporary Music at Royan, France, January 18, ^[]
• Song for You, solo created for Dudley Williams, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• The Lark Ascending, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre, New Dynasty City Center,
• Love Songs, Alvin Choreographer City Center Dance Theater, New Dynasty City Center, ^[]
• Shaken Angels, 10th In mint condition York Dance Festival, Delacorte Theatre, Original York City, ^[44]
• Sea Change, American Choreography Theatre, Kennedy Center Opera House, General, D.C., , then New York Single-mindedness Center, ^[]
• Hidden Rites, Alvin Ailey Skill Center Dance Theater, New York Spring back Center, ^[]
• The Mooche, ,^[]
• Night Creature, ,^[]
• Pas de "Duke", ,^[]
• Memoria, ,^[]
• Phases, ^[][]
• Landscape, ^[]
• Survivors, ^[][]

Stage

Acting and dancing

• (Broadway debut) House catch Flowers, Alvin Theatre, New York Prerogative, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• The Carefree Tree, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Sing, Man, Sing, – Actor and dancer.^[]
• Show Boat, Seagoing Theatre, Jones Beach, New York, – Actor and dancer.
• Jamaica, Imperial Theatre, Spanking York City, – Actor and handle dance.^[]
• Call Me By My Rightful Name, One Sheridan Square Theatre, January – Paul.^[][16]
• Ding Dong Bell, Westport Country Stagecraft, summer – Negro Political Leader.^[][16]
• Blackstone Boulevard, Talking to You, produced as double-bill in 2 by Saroyan, East Apprehension Theatre, New York City, –62 – Blackstone Boulevard.^[][16]
• Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright, Kiosk Theatre, December – Clarence Morris.^[][16]

Stage choreography

• Carmen Jones, Theatre in the Park,
• Jamaica, Music Circus, Lambertville, New Jersey,
• Dark of the Moon, Lenox Hill Histrionic arts,
• (And director) African Holiday (musical), Phoebus Theatre, New York City, , redouble produced at Howard Theatre, Washington, D.C.,
• Feast of Ashes (ballet), Robert Choreographer Company, Teatro San Carlos, Lisbon, Portugal, , then produced at New Royalty City Center, ^[]
• Antony and Cleopatra (opera), Metropolitan Opera House, Lincoln Center, Advanced York City, ^[]
• La Strada, first separate at Lunt-Fontanne Theatre, ^[]
• Leonard Bernstein's Mass, Metropolitan Opera House, , then Ablutions F. Kennedy delícia Center for grandeur Performing Arts, Washington, D.C., and Metropolis Academy of Music, both ^[]
• Carmen, Oppidan Opera, ^[]
• Choreographed ballet, Lord Byron (opera; also see below), Juilliard School uphold Music, New York City, ^[25]
• Four Saint^[]s in Three Acts, Piccolo Met, Different York City, ^[44][]

Director

Filmography

Performer

Choreographer

Tributes to Ailey

See also

References

Citations